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ENPC Respiratory questions and answers 100% correct
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ENPC Respiratory questions and answers 100% correct Anatomical and physiological features of the pediatric airway? large tongue relative to size of oropharynx obligate nose breathers smaller airway diameter cricoid cartilage narrowest area larynx more anterior and cephalad cartilaginous lary...

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  • April 22, 2023
  • 5
  • 2022/2023
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • enpc respiratory questions and answers 100 correct
  • anatomical and physiological features of the pediatric airway large tongue relative to size of oropharynx obligate nose breathers smaller airway di

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ENPC Respiratory questions and
answers 100% correct
Anatomical and physiological features of the pediatric airway? - answer large tongue
relative to size of oropharynx
obligate nose breathers
smaller airway diameter
cricoid cartilage narrowest area
larynx more anterior and cephalad
cartilaginous larynx
short neck and short trachea

What is normal respiratory rate for the 5 pediatric age groups? - answer infant (1-12
months) - 30-60
toddler (1-3 years) - 24-40
preschooler (3-5 years) - 22-34
school age (5-11 years) - 18-30
adolescent (11-18 years) - 12-16

What is the narrowest area of the pediatric airway? - answer the crichoid cartilage -
provides anatomical seal for uncuffed or cuffless ETT in children younger than 8 years
old

Anatomical and physiological features of pediatric breathing? - answer
compensatory mechanisms less effective
higher metabolic rate
respiratory rate varies with age
thin chest wall
cartilaginous sternum and ribs
poorly developed intercostal muscles
diaphragm positioned flat
ribs horizontally oriented
fewer smaller alveoli

What age is the respiratory system considered fully developed? - answer 8 years old

Most common chronic childhood illness? - answer asthma, affects 9.3% of children

Do pediatrics have a higher or lower metabolic rate? - answer higher - results in
more rapid respiratory rate and less efficient use of oxygen and glucose. In addition,
other symptoms, such as fever or anxiety, may further increase metabolic rate

, A pulse ox reading of less than ____ at sea level is indicative of respiratory
compromise? - answer 92%, exceptions include children with uncorrected congenital
heart defects

How to estimate ETT size for pediatrics age 1-10? - answer uncuffed - (age/4)+4,
cuffed - (age/4)+3.5

CO2 monitors may not be effective if the child is less than ____? - answer 2kg

The esophageal detector may be considered for confirmation of tracheal tube
placement in children weighing ___? - answer more than 20kg. It is unreliable in
children younger than 1 year

The appropriate depth of insertion of an ETT can be estimated by the following formula?
- answer internal tube diameter x3.
Studies show that the use of the length based resuscitation tape to determine depth of
the ETT is the most accurate method

An excess of either of these 2 substances causes a direct excitatory effect on the
respiratory center, resulting in increased rate of ventilation? - answer increased
PaCO2 or increased H+

Most common cause of respiratory distress and failure in the pediatric patient? - answer
upper or lower airway obstructive disorders

Causes of upper airway respiratory distress and failure in pediatric patients (several)? -
answer anaphylaxis
bacterial tracheitis
croup
epiglotitis
foreign body aspiration
retropharyngeal abscess
sleep apnea
smoke inhalation
subglottic stenosis
tracheomalacia
trauma

Tracheomalacia? - answer (from trachea and the Greek μαλακία, softening) is an
upper airway condition characterized by flaccidity of the tracheal support cartilage which
leads to tracheal collapse especially when increased airflow is demanded.

Subglottic stenosis? - answer (SGS) is a narrowing of the upper airway below the
vocal cords (subglottis) and above the trachea. Subglottic stenosis will involve
narrowing of the cricoid, the only complete cartilage ring in the airway.

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