Class notes

Physics Energy and Waves Class Notes

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Course
PHYS131

Institution
University Of British Columbia (UBC )

Physics energy and waves class notes. Topics include: - Static Fluids - Fluid Dynamics - Simple Harmonic Motion - Travelling Waves - Sound - Doppler Effect - Standing Waves - Interference - Light Notes include class notes, formulas, practice questions.

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Uploaded on April 25, 2023
Number of pages 61
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Dr vesna sossi
Contains All classes

physics
energy and waves
energy
waves
light
sound
interference
fluids
doppler
simple harmonic motion
travelling waves
fluid dynamics
static fluids

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, Week 1 :S t a t i c fluids reading
I

phases states
-
of matter:

solias:definite shape, specific volume

liquids:definite volume, shape depends on container

gases:n e it h e r a definite shape for specific vo l u m e , molecules move to fill container
they are in

plasmas:neither definite shape nor wome

density:

per unit
v olume of substance
density object
is the mass a
or

defined as 1 *,
=

=density, m m a ss , V
=

volume,
=

units
vg/m3
=

Swater 19/cm3 =
100
=

kg/m3

of
density reveals phase st r u c t u re : density gases (liquids solids
+
+

pressure:

p E, F force applied to an A a re a thati s perpendicular to the force, units 1Pa =I N ma
=

pressure, area,
= -

P
=

=

WO mb (millibar) 1
=

x
10
4
Pa

fluid pressure has no direction:s c a l a r quantity

forces due to defined directions: perpendicular
pressure have well
always exerted to a surface

RO2

4 round
c1kg, legs dieg
=

m 4.8 c m
=

C) pressure each
leg exerts on carpet

41kg
=
4 =

1.2549/leg
F 10.25kg 9.8 MIS2 wo.4 5 N
=

mg
=
x
=

m2
M(2.4 100) 0.0018096
=

Acrae 12
=
=
=

p E
=
=

2
06 55510.8 pa
=

four
b) total pressure on the carpet
by all
legs

4 1 9.8 401.8N
=

F mg
=

C11kg
=
=

m =

A
=
Mr2 i(2.4 w0)2
=
=
0.0 0 1 8 0 9 6 m r
=

E 618096
=

p 5 5 5 0 9.5
=

=

pressure depth
+

p M
=

P pressure,
=

m mass,
=

g gravity,
=
A a re a
=

supporting
v vo l u m e
m eV, 2
density,
=

mass,
=

m
=
=

V A U,
=

v vo l u m e ,
=
c ross-sectional
A: area, U=depth

m e
=

An

p eA19
=

- > p =heg/pressure are to the weighto f any fluid)

atmospheric pressure:

1atmosphere (atm) Pa t m =

1.0 1
=

1 0 5 N/m2 l o1 k Pa
=

favg ig =

n g
=

pascal's principle:

force
pressure: per unita re a

Pascal's Principle:a change in pressure applied an
to enclosed said is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the fluid and to the walls of its container

hydraulic systems:p , P2, =

E =
work:f orce times distance moved
1100 49

⑤
R05 de 20d,
=

m 1160
=

bg d -zoc
i((2001) 2)2
9.8
Fz 1 1 6 0
=
=

Az
=
=

F211368 N
=

, *
z

-
168
F1 =

F1
=
2842
= =
100 28.4N
=

gauge pressure, absolute pressure, and pressure measurement

for it
garge pressure pressure
-

relative atmospheric
to
pressure positive for pressures above atmospheric pressure, and negative values below

absolute pressure:t h e of
atmospheric
sum
garge pressure and pressure

Pabs Pg =

+

Patm

in
* cases fluids
most absolute pressure of cannotb e negative

↳ smallesta bsolute pressure is 0, pulling --, pushing t

LD
Pg = -Patm (smahest)

manometer:U-shaped tube, both ends open to atmosphere (pressure pushes down on both sides
equally concerning out
it

Lo pressure
deeper on one side:
greater

↳is one side open
(Pg=egh)
to atm: ideal for measuring Page

1.0mmHg (millimetres mercury) 1 3 3 Pa
=

systolic pressure:maximum blood pressure

diastolic pressure:m i n i m u m blood pressure

example 11.7:

ff1 1.0g/mL
=

n?=

Paarge 18
mmHg 13342 239446
=

= =

Pg e 9 h
=

2394
100kg12 9.8 M/S2 h
=

=
=

h 0.244m
=

barometer:device thatm easures atmospheric pressure

Week 1 :Lec ture questions

L 1.1 :
Density

1) T
D
-

o

2) ice X

3)
*ice 11 mice m re a d =

> Me
a) rank
highestt o m a ss
lowest
M3
M1=

b) V 3 >Ve = V,
rank from highestt o
lowestvolume:

C) rank from highestt o
lowest
density:11782=13

11.2 water
density
One litre (= rocm = re m x wa m
100cm3)
=

of water has m=
lky

a) density of water in
ag,m3: 10o
bgim?

b) density of water in
glans:Iglan3

, 11.3 safe
Density a
of

Lorter = 1.2m

(thickness 4 a n
=

0.0 4
=

m

a) density of metal safe metal=7870 kg/m3
average

Linner -(0.04 x2) 1.1 2 m
=

1.2
=

Vinner (1.12)3
=

1.4 0 5 m3
=

Usage (1.2)
=
=
1.728m3

Parg mmair-Mrsafe-voir
=

Prietal (Usafe-Vair)
Parg
=

-
r safe

7870 yy1m3 =
(1728 1.405)
-

Parg
=

1.728

Parg 1471.1 Ug1M3
=

b) World the safe float?N o , itw i l l sinn because the
density is
greater than thato f water

11.4 Pressure

--

-
a)

I A
all
D

rank the pressures exerted
by the block:4a)Pb>4c

21.8 Uniform connected fluids

it---.* Im
P, Patm
=

Di P2
=

P, Patm =

+egh

P, W 1 0 0
=

1000
+

9.8
= 0.6 m
x

Pa 2 07.2
P, 207180 uPa
=
=

21.9 measuring gas pressure with a
mercury manometer

frg 13.6 g/m2
=

10
=

↳Iam
Pgas Patm
=

-fgU

Pgas 101300Pa-13.6 20" Rysm3 9.8m/S2 0.1 m
=

=
x =

Pgas=87972P0 8 8 uPa
=

the amounto f
we have to calculate pressure from the

the gas
acting
is on
mercury
Pgas Patm-Pe
=

11.10 non-uniform Gwids:
density of an unknown liquid in a manometer

eg egr 2V ?Vs
E->
->
= =

funknown=? mag
->

meg

:"Ira
=

=

ewater-woongim 1,(4) 1000
=

(5)

12 1250kg/m3
=

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