(Updated) NHA CCMA Complete Study Guide | Latest 2023/2024 solutions

(Updated) NHA CCMA Complete Study Guide | Latest 2023/2024 solutions Afebrile -- Absence of fever Chief Complaint -- The reason why the patient came to see the physician Percussion -- This involves tapping or striking the body, usually with fingers or a small hammer to determine the position, size and density go the underlying organ or tissue Endocardium -- The endocardium is the inner layer of the heart. It consists of epithelial tissue and connective tissue. Function: Lines the inner cavities of the heart, covers heart valves and is continuous with the inner lining of blood vessels. Purkinje fibers are located in the endocardium. They participate in the contraction of the heart muscle. Stroke Volume (Preload) -- The blood volume ejected outside the ventricle after each contraction. ~ The volume of the blood returning to the heart. ~ The force of the myocardium contraction Ventricular Repolarization -- The T Wave. ~ The first wave produced after the QRS Complex. Has the following characteristics: The deflection produced by the ventricular repolarization. It is slighty asymmetric. No more than 5 mm in height. Hematoma -- A localized collection of blood outside the blood vessels, usually in liquid form within the tissue. An ecchymosis, commonly called a bruise, is a hematoma of the skin larger than 10mm. (acronym.) BeCause Better Specimens, Y'all, Generate Perfect Goals -- Order of draw (per NHA): Blood Cultures, Blue (light), Serum (red), Yellow, Green, Purple (Lavender), Gray Gram Stain -- A method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (grampositive and gram-negative). Gram staining differentiates bacteria by the chemical and physical properties of their cell walls by detecting peptidoglycan, which is present in a thick layer in gram-positive bacteria. The Gram stain is almost always the first step in the identification of a bacterial organism. Axillary -- Under the arm (armpit) Throat culture -- A laboratory diagnostic test to find a bacterial or fungal infection in the throat. Sampling is performed by throat swab, and the sample is put in a special cup (culture) that allows infections to grow. If an infection grows, the culture is positive. The type of infection is found using a microscope, chemical tests, or both. If no infection grows, the culture is negative. Tort -- A tort, in common law jurisdictions, is a civil wrong[1] which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm resulting in legal liability for the person : Battery, Invasion of privacy, defamation of character Artifact -- Unwanted interference or jitter on the EKG recording. This makes the EKG reading difficult or impossible, as well as can lead to a misdiagnosis. AV (atriventricular) Valves -- Located between the atria and ventricles. AV cusped valves characteristics are: They have tough fibrous rings, long and strong leaflets (cuspids), They are accessory organs (like papillary muscles and chordae tendinae) Standard Precautions -- Standard Precautions are the minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient, in any setting where healthcare is delivered. Standard Precautions include: 1) hand hygiene, 2) use of personal protective equipment (e.g., gloves, gowns, masks), 3) safe injection practices, 4) safe handling of potentially contaminated equipment or surfaces in the patient environment, and 5) respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette. Parasympathetic (Vagus Nerve) -- Generally has an inhibitory effect via the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine which may cause the following to happen: *Slows down pacemaker and HR *Slows the conduction of electricity in AV node *Decreases the strength of atrial and ventricular contraction. Infection Control/ Chain of Infection -- This consists of links, each of which is necessary for the infectious disease to spread. Infection control is based on the fact that the transmission of infectious diseases will be prevented or stopped when any level in the chain is broken or interrupted. AGENT ------- MODE OF TRANSMISSION --------- SUSCEPTIBLE HOST ---------- PORTAL OF EXIT -------- PORTAL OF ENTRY Medical Asepsis -- Involves procedures and practices that reduce the number and transfer of pathogens. For example, performing hand hygiene and wearing gloves, nothing on floor, clean from least soiled to most soiled. Urinary Bacteria -- Enteric gram-negative bacteria that are always nitrite positive can convert urinary nitrate to nitrite. A positive nitrite test is an indication that a significant number of bacteria are present in the urine