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FNDH 620 Exam 1 - Kansas State University (Questions & Answers)
FNDH 620 Exam 1 - Kansas State University (Questions & Answers)
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FNDH 620 Exam 1 - Kansas StateUniversity (Questions & Answers)
What 4 major elements make up the human body? - ✔️ - Oxygen
63%
- Carbon 18%
- Hydrogen 9%
- Nitrogen 3%
Of the major 4 elements that make up the human body, __________ makes up the
largest portion. - ✔️ Oxygen - 63%
The human body is made up of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, & nitrogen. But
what do these elements compose? - ✔️ Water
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Approximately how much water makes up the human body? - ✔️ 55
- 65% of body mass
Combined, how much does protein & lipids makes up of the human body?
- ✔️ 30 - 45%
Nucleic acids, carbs, & others things account for _____% of the human body.
- ✔️ Nucleic acids, carbs, & others things account for *1%* of the human body.
Minerals account for what percentage of the human body? - ✔️ 5%
How many different types of cells are in the human body? - ✔️ Over
200 different types
Organelles are __________ structures within a cell with __________ function.
- ✔️ Organelles are *specialized* structures within a cell with *specific*
function.
,When one or more organelle has problems, they do what to nutrient
metabolism? - ✔️ If one or more organelle has problems with in a
cell, it can impede the flow of nutrient metabolism.
Cells are surrounded by what and is how many thick? - ✔️ Cell
membrane
2 cells thick
What composes the plasma membrane? - ✔️ - Proteins 55% mass
- Lipids outnumber 50:1
__________ proteins are transmembrane. Their function is to act as an ion
channel; carrier; active transporters; receptors; & enzymes. - ✔️
*Integral* proteins are transmembrane. Their function is to act as an ion
channel; carrier; active transporters; receptors; & enzymes.
__________ proteins can only be found on one side of the bilayer (typically on the
inside edge) and normally act as enzymes. - ✔️ *Peripheral* proteins
can only be found on one side of the bilayer (typically on the inside edge) and
normally act as enzymes.
This carbohydrate coat on the extracellular face of the plasma membrane
helps with receptor activities and cell to cell adhesion. - ✔️
Glycocalyx
Carbs + Protein = ? - ✔️ Glycoprotein
Carbs + Lipids = ? - ✔️ Glycolipids
Proteins + Glycosaminoglycans = ? - ✔️ Proteoglycans
Cells can be divided into what 2 major parts? - ✔️ - Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
What is cytosol? - ✔️ Clear intracellular fluid containing dissolved,
suspended, or anchored substances.
- electrolytes, proteins, glucose, glycogen, amino acids, and lipids
, - A tubular network (adjacent to nucleus)
- Major site of molecule formation & metabolism w/in cell - ✔️
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Granular; site for protein synthesis, contains ribosomes - ✔️ Rough
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Agranular; site for phospholipid & cholesterol synthesis - ✔️ Smooth
Endoplasmic Reticulum
This is a site of detoxification of drugs and alcohol; contains glucose-6-
phosphatase (important in metabolism) - ✔️ Endoplasmic Reticulum
Layers of thin, flat, enclosed vesicles; builds some carbohydrates; molecule
processing; vesicle-forming activities; packaging site for exocytosis -
✔️ Golgi Apparatus
The site of ATP production; Self-replicating; vary in size; population density
depends on oxidation energy demands of that cells; double membraned;
Krebs cycle & Fatty Acid oxidation occur here - ✔️ Mitochondria
Storage & Processing area for DNA; Enclosed within a Porous Nuclear
envelope; Most DNA within human cells is in the nucleus; all cells (except
RBCs) contain this. - ✔️ Nucleus
Made of nucleotides (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine)
Double-stranded chains - ✔️ DNA
- Produces a strand of mRNA complementary to the DNA gene
- Double-stranded DNA is opened, ribonucleotides are based-paired to DNA
template
- Uracil
- Catalyzed by RNA polymerase - ✔️ Transcription
- Synthesis of proteins from nucleotide language
- Sequence of mRNA dictates which amino acids are linked together
- every set of 3 bases on mRNA is called a codon
- Codons code for a specific amino acid
- Occurs on ribosomal complexes
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