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Summary WJEC (England) Eduqas A-Level Biology 3. Requirements for life - 2. Plant Transport CA$5.53   Add to cart
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Summary WJEC (England) Eduqas A-Level Biology 3. Requirements for life - 2. Plant Transport

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  • Course
  • 3. Requirements for life
  • Institution
  • WJEC

I achieved a high A* Grade in my final A-Level exams using these notes!!! I believe you can achieve an A* if you can memorise these notes! Simply use blurting, a method of active recall, to write everything you remember from the notes, then identify the parts you couldn’t remember, then repeat ...

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Document information

  • May 2, 2023
  • 5
  • 2020/2021
  • Summary

Subjects

  • casparian strip
  • mass flow hypothesis
  • translocation
  • transpiration
  • xylem
  • phloem

Written for

  • A/AS Level
  • WJEC
  • Biology
  • 3. Requirements for life
All documents for this subject (7)

1  review

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By: rashmeensheikh2317 • 7 months ago

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Content preview

I. root & stem




Root: Stem – vascular bundle: ring at periphery
arrangement resists pulling forces & anchorage in soil arrangement gives flexible support & resists bending
- Xylem: central & star-shaped
- Phloem: between groups of xylem cells
- Cortex: parenchyma cells – mechanical
support

Leaves – vascular bundle: midrib & in veins – flexible strength & resist tearing



J. uptake of water through root hair cells – large SA
- mineral ions: active transport in
- reduce root water potential < soil
- water: osmosis

K. movement of water from epidermis (through cortex) to xylem
apoplast: through spaces in cell walls
symplast: through cytoplasm – plasmodesmata
vacuolar: between vacuoles – in & out through tonoplast + cytoplasm (longer)

L. endodermis casparian strip: impermeable band of waterproof suberin in endodermal cell walls
allows endodermis to regulate water/ion uptake into xylem from soil

blocks apoplast pathway: forces water/ions into cytoplasm = symplast pathway
- water: osmosis
- mineral ions: active transport

water transport into xylem – water potential gradient between endodermis & xylem
Na+ active transported from endodermis to xylem
water into xylem by osmosis



M. xylem: vessels (angiosperms) – transport water & dissolved minerals
- dead (lignin deposition in walls): no contents – large empty lumen = large water volumes + little resistance
- end walls break down – long hollow tube
- pits: allow water to flow laterally between xylem vessels
- lignin rings: waterproof & strengthen walls – prevent vessel collapse under negative pressure
Tracheids (ferns/conifers/angiosperms): strength
Fibres: mechanical support
Parenchyma: packing tissue

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