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Week 6 Study Guide

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Lecture notes of 15 pages for the course PNUR 124 at (Week 6 Study Guide)

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  • May 11, 2023
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PNUR124 WEEK 6 STUDY GUIDE

Week 6: Pain

1. Identify the factors that influence the pain experience.
 Pain Experience = Its is the symptom most associated with describing oneself as
“ill.”
o Most common reason why people seek health care services.
o Not well understood despite being a common issue.
o Inconsistently and inadequately addressed.
o Has both a physical and psychological nature of the experience.
 Pain is "whatever the person experiencing it says it is, and existing wherever the
person says it does."
 Factors of the Pain Experience:
o Age/Developmental stage
 developmental differences determines how children and older
adults perceive and react to pain
o Gender
 Women have higher threshold and experience more intense pain
than men.
o Previous experience with pain
o Meaning of pain
 affects the pain experience and how a patient adapts. Pain will be
perceived differently if it suggests a threat, loss, punishment or
challenge.
o Heredity
 generic disposition can influence our ability to metabolize pain
med, pain threshold, pain tolerance and susceptibility to develop
chronic pain.
o Emotional status
o Social Factors
 Attention – more focus on pain can influence pain perception.
 Experience - previous painful experience may determine how a
patient responds to future painful events.
 Family & Social Support – family and friends provide comfort,
protection and support.
o Absence of support can make the pain experience more
stressful/unpleasant.
o Culture / ethnic values
 shapes individual responses, behaviours & attitudes about pain
and how they react and cope.
 Expectations and accepted behaviours about pain are learned.




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PNUR124

, PNUR124 WEEK 6 STUDY GUIDE


 Nurses may expect patients to act or behave in a particular
manner when in pain. Some cultures are expressive about pain
while others are not.
 Remember that pain has different meanings for different cultures
(culturally sensitive care).
o Environment & support person
o Spiritual Factors
 Religion & spirituality help some people to connect with
nature/universe.
 Pain may be viewed as retribution from God, chance to
demonstrate inner strength with a reward to come after death.
 Hope, prayer, attending church prayer, spiritual support have all
been linked to less pain suffering.
 Use of spiritual assessment tool (FICA) is helpful to explore
patients' spirituality/pain relationship.
o Anxiety & Stress
 associated with many types of pain although cause and effect not
established. If anxiety goes unnoticed, pain may not be managed
effectively.
o Sleep
 disturbances including insomnia can increase pain perception &
intensity, decrease coping abilities

2. Discuss the key strategies, barriers, and principles of pain management.
 Definition of Pain
o "An unpleasant subjective, sensory and emotional experience associated
with actual or potential tissue damage."
o Highly individualized. Personal experience. Can be accurately described
only by the person experiencing it.
o Pain also serves a protective role; a warning sign of potentially life-
threatening condition.
o Referred to as the: “Fifth Vital Sign”
 Significance of Pain Problem
o Unrelieved ongoing pain is an epidemic in Canada and other parts of the
world.
o Pain is the leading cause of disability among working aged Canadians. Up
to 60% of pain sufferers in Canada lose their jobs or incur great income
loss (back pain).
o Global impact of pain has a major negative economic impact (estimated
lost productivity ranging from US$297.4 -335.5 billion)



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PNUR124

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