ILTS Content Test Elementary Ed(305)-Part 4/6 Latest

ILTS Content Test Elementary Ed(305)-Part 4/6 Colonial Period () - when several european countries attempted to settle and colonize americas to expand their territories *many native americans killed or displaced by disease and territorial expansion *main focus of colonial period: 13 english colonies on each coast; reason of colonization is bc it is a response to England's policy of mercantilism and colonists' desire to be free from religious persecution *mercantilism: requires colonies to provide raw materials to england to continue to grow and support the mother country while limiting trade with other nations. describe and list 13 colonies - * group of english colonies that were overly similar in their political and religious beliefs New england colonies: *new hampshire, massachusetts, rhode island, connecticut Chesapeake Bay colonies: *virginia, maryland Middle colonies: *new york, Pennsylvania, new jersey, deleware southern colonies: *north carolina, south carolina, georgia urbanization - An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements. general economic, environmental and health effects of urbanization - *economically: can drastically raise expenses, frequently excluding local working class citizens *environmentally: urban heat islands raise temperatures and lower reabsorption of CO2 emission and soil moisture *changes are projected to strain food resources, sanitation and health care systems in the near future general positive and negative health effects on humans from urbanizations - *mortality from non communicable lifestyle-related diseases has increased through urbanization *mixed: relieve some problems while exacerbating others *high risk of being overweight *low risk of being malnourished or undernourished some census statistics on urban populations in Illinois that reflect: 1) the rates at which urbanization has progressed by decade from and 2) the eight cities in Illinois with the largest populations as of 2010 - 1) in 1870=23.5%; in 1880=30.6%; in 1890=44.9%; 1900=54.3%; 1910=61.7%; 1920=67.9%; 1930=73.9% ;1940=73.6% ;1950=77.6% ; 1960=80.7%; 1970=83.2% ; 1980=83.3% ; 1990=86.4% ; 2000=87.8%; 2010= 88.5% 2) chicago, aurora, rockford, joliet, naperville, springfield, peoria, elgin some facts about several natural distasters in Illinois during the 20th and 21st century and their effects - 1967: chicago blizzard hit northeast illinois and northwest indiana with record 23 inches of snow(history's worst blizzard) 1995: chicago's heat wave with record temperature in july up to 106ºF April&May 2011:Mississippi River floods caused by record rainfall were the biggest and most destructive on that river in 100 years affecting illinois and 6 other states several years when earthquakes occurred in illinois. report some major snow, ice, rainstorms and floods affecting illinois during the 20th and 21st century and some of their significant impacts on human life - years with earthquakes: 1838, 1891, 1909, 1917, 1968, 1972, 1987, 2004, 2008, 2010, 2013 *chicago blizzard of january 13-14, 1979 set a new chiucago one day snow record(16.5 inches) *mississippi river flooding: affected towns of Valmeyer and Fults near Columbia, IL where levees broke *1957: hurricane audrey caused record rainfall, flooding and ten deaths in Paris, IL the French and Indian War - *a war over territory between the English colonies and the French colonies *rising competition between the English and French empires brought more British military support into the colonies, which created a stronger feeling of unity between the colonies and England than ever before *Treaty of Paris: 1763, brought an end to the war, as France relinquished some of its Eastern territory to England *aftermath of war: tensions rose between the colonies and England became of unequal investment in the war Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts) - 1774 *Names given by colonists to the Quebec Act (1774) and to a series of acts by the British in response to the Boston Tea Party *Closed the Port of Boston to all trade until citizens paid for the lost tea *Increased the power of Massachusetts' Royal governor at the expense of the legislature *Allowed Royal officials accused of crimes in Massachusetts to be tried elsewhere events leading up to the American Revolution - * Sons of Liberty * Boston Massacre (1770) * Committees of Correspondence * The Boston Tea Party (1773) * First Continental Congress (1774) * Shot Heard Around the World (1775) Sons of Liberty - protest group headed by Samuel Adams that incited the Revolution boston massacre - incident in 1770 in which British troops fired on and killed 5 American colonists committees of correspondence - Organizations in each of the American colonies created to keep colonists abreast of developments with the British; served as powerful molders of public opinion against the British the boston tea party - A 1773 protest against British taxes in which Boston colonists disguised as Mohawks dumped valuable tea into Boston Harbor. first continental congress - September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies sent representatives to Philadelphia to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts the shot heard round the world - In April, 1775, English soldiers, on their way to confiscate arms in Concord, passed through Lexington, Massachusetts and met the colonial militia called the Minutemen. A fight ensued. In Concord, a larger group of Minutemen forced the British to retreat. major turning points of the revolution - -the actions of the Second Continental Congress - rhea body established the Continental Army and chose George Washington as its commanding general, they allowed printing of money and created government offices -"Common Sense" - published in 1776 by Thomas Paine, this pamphlet calling for independence was widely distributed -The Declaration of Independence - written by Thomas Jefferson, it was signed on July 4, 1776 by the Continental Congress assembled in Philadelphia -Alliance with France - Benjamin Franklin negotiated an agreement with France to fight with the Americans in 1778 -Treaty of Paris - in 1782, it signaled the official end of the war, granted independence to the colonies, and gave them generous territorial rights declaration of independence - 1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain. articles of confederation - 1st Constitution of the U.S. (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) Confederation Period - period in US history directly following the American Revolution *fed govt was very weak States surrender their western land claims Constitution ratified Federalist Era - 1787 convention that wrote the new constitution of the United States of America established 3 govt branches: legislative, executive and judicial *3 branches helped to provide checks and balances(no branch has too much power) *new constitution established voting practiced on the individual and state level *Era placed more power in the hands of fed govt, but also established a place for political parties to advocate for the rights of the people bill of rights - The first 10 amendments to the Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. Written by James Madison in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties, the Bill of Rights lists specific prohibitions on governmental power. jeffersonian era - *influences of thomas jefferson and his political activism one of the most important periods in the history of American politics american republicanism - jefferson's political outlook *opposed aristocracy, elitism and corruption in the government era of good feelings - A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. *temporary sense of national security *desire for unity *2 major parties: whigs and democrats Jacksonian Era - *voting rights extended to most white men over 21 years and revised other federal policies *increase in expansionism, encouraging territorial expansion to the west in the name of manifest destiny One of the most colorful periods in the history of American politics, this era was a time during which sectional differences (states' rights, protective tariffs, and national bank) disrupted America's spirit of unity. civil war era - began with continued push from the northern states to expand democratic rights to black people *slavery in 11 states *Confederacy formed in 1861 and continued till end of civil war in 1865 reconstruction period - The period after the Civil War in which the states formerly part of the Confederacy were brought back into the United States. 13th amendment - Abolition of slavery 14th amendment - Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws 15th amendment - Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude President Rutherford B. Hayes - 19th president of the united states *promised to withdraw troops form the south in 1876 election and did so in 1877 major changes in industry in late 1800s - industrialization: entry in industrial age was marked by many new inventions and the mechanization of factories railroad expansion: built from 1865 to 1969; tracks stretched over 35,000 miles in 1865 but the distance reached 240,000 miles by 1910 gold and silver mining: brought many prospectors to the west from 1850 to about 1875 cattle ranching: large scale enterprise beginning in the late 1860s but by 1880s open ranges were being fenced and plowed for farming and pastures gilded age - 1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor gilded age major industries - Jay Gould-railroads Andrew Carnegie-steel John D Rockefeller Sr-Oil Philip Danforth Armour-meatpacking JP Morgan-banking John Jacob Astor-fur pelts Cornelius Vanderbilt-steamboat shipping population and immigration trends in late 1800s - *population doubled in united states between 1860 and 1890 with the arrival of 10 million immigrants *cities and their slims grew tremendously bc of immigration and industrialization *wave of immigrants from italy, poland, hungary, bohemia and greece and jewish groups from central and eastern europe especially russia labor protests - at this time, the big cause of ____________ was wanting the right to have an 8 hour day and the right to form unions knights of labor - labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms american federation of labor - 1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent. progressive era - , Progressives tended to be women, middle class, and live in urban areas. Progressives sought to use government influence to solve societal problems. monroe doctrine - an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers spanish american wars - In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence open door policy - A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. panama canal - Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States, it opened in 1915. domestic accomplishments of progressive era - Hepburn Act Pure food and drug act Federal Reserve System, fair trade commission, forest service involvement of United States during WW1 - America declared neutrality *huge demand for war goods by the allies broke a 7 year industrial stagnation and game American factories full time work *Wilson declared war in 1917 when America was unprepared; America quickly armed and transferred sufficient troops to Europe, bringing Allies to victory in 1918 Roaring Twenties - Was a time when many people defied Prohibition, indulged in new styles of dancing and dressing, and rejected many traditional moral standards. great depression - the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s involvement of united states in world war 2 - *tried to stay out of WW2 even though the lend lease program transferred munitions to Great Britain *Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii December 1941 *US declared war on all the Axis powers *became great manufacturer of goods and munitions for war effort *benefit of production was an end to the economic depression some of the outcomes stemming from the spread of communism in the world following ww2 - *truman doctine: designed to protect free peoples everywhere against oppression *marshall plan: devoted $12 billion to rebuild Western Europe and strengthen its defenses *organization of american states *berlin blockade *north atlantic treaty organization *korean war