BIOLOGY ~ Blood and
Lymphatic System Notes
, •
Blood :
only fluid connective tissue
↳ Is the .
↳ of mesodermal origin .
↳
Transports Oz , coz , Hormones , waste , and Nutrients .
↳
Helps in Regulation of pH and Temperature
↳ Aids in protection { immunity → contains WBC .
↳
Helps maintain fluid levels
☆ Formed elements =
cells
plasma →
•
Blood formation sites : (fluid portion)
↳ In the developing fetus =
live rdy spleen
↳ By seventh month = bone marrow RBC →
↑
WBC
◦
How does fetal hemoglobin differ from newborn hemoglobin ?
↳ Fetal hemoglobin is slightly alkaline (7.35-7.45) , and blood
temperature is slightly higher .
↳ 5- 6 Litres
components of Blood
b b
Plasma ( 55% ) solid elements 1451)
↳ water ( 91% ) =
Liquid part of blood ↳ cells + cell fragments -_
Formed elements
↳
Transports cellular elements of blood throughout CS 99.9%
b
↳
Erythrocytes = RBC → Biconcave discs
proteins serum
↳ solutes ( ≈ 9J .
) p
plasma -
-_
e. ii.
↳ Electrolytes , proteins , fats , glucose ,
bilirubin , and gases ↳ WIBC →
Neutrophils , Eosinophils , Basophils ,
< • ii. Lymphocytes , monocytes
↳ Plasma proteins = most abundant solute Gi .
) ↳
thrombocytes = Platelets
↳
Examples
:
albumin , globulin s , and fibrinogens
✓
b
•
Goi .
•
36% of plasma .
4 i. of plasma
•
produced in liver Proteins ,
proteins
'
Act as transport ◦
produced by liver to
Alpha {
•
ions ,
Beta Gamma blood plasma
protein → carry
Formed in liver produced in
Largest plasma proteins
•
and some
◦ •
hormones ,
plasma ,e ,, , .in
lipids -
Transport lipids lymph nodes
•
Needed for clotting
osmotic { fat vitamins
controls soluble Function Polypeptide
◦ •
as
-
.
pressure → keeps in b' °°ᵈ immunoglobulins •
Acts a s acute phase
water in bloodstream or antibodies of proteins
immune system • Fibrin creates a
fibrous network for clotting
, Erythrocytes RBC
•
=
↳ No nucleus in mature red blood cell
↳
Lifespan =
Approx . 120 Approx 4 months women 12-16 gldl
days = . .
=
↳
Primary function =
Transport Oz to cells of body ↑ men 13 -1891dL =
↳ Has
approx . 280 million molecules of hemoglobin
•
Iron cont-ainihgretpirat.org
protein → carries Oz from lungs
to rest of body .
MMM ◦
1 Hb = yneme = 4 iron atoms 402
•
Recycled Hb iron →Turns into
bili verdin → Turns to bilirubin→
excreted in bite
•
1 Hb = 4 protein building blocks
Jaundice
called
globins
High levels > 2 -3mg 1dL modified and removed via urine
{ feces
= =
I
•
Liver =
conjugation of bilirubin to make it soluble → excreted
in b→ enters digestive tract →
helps emulsify fat
•
Intestine → converts bilirubin into :
↳
urobilinogen → urine → reabsorbed by
feces
kidney
↳ Stereo
bilinogen →
•
Iron →
transported by transferrin to liver
→ transferred to ferritin for storage
I
can be transported to red bone
marrow
•
Jaundice = Yellowish pigmentation in skin
feces may be pale
•
↳ caused by →
Indirectly = bilirubin in urine , excess RBC breakdown , sickle cell
anaemia
→
Directly =
conjugated bilirubin = liver disease or bite obstruction
Lymphatic System Notes
, •
Blood :
only fluid connective tissue
↳ Is the .
↳ of mesodermal origin .
↳
Transports Oz , coz , Hormones , waste , and Nutrients .
↳
Helps in Regulation of pH and Temperature
↳ Aids in protection { immunity → contains WBC .
↳
Helps maintain fluid levels
☆ Formed elements =
cells
plasma →
•
Blood formation sites : (fluid portion)
↳ In the developing fetus =
live rdy spleen
↳ By seventh month = bone marrow RBC →
↑
WBC
◦
How does fetal hemoglobin differ from newborn hemoglobin ?
↳ Fetal hemoglobin is slightly alkaline (7.35-7.45) , and blood
temperature is slightly higher .
↳ 5- 6 Litres
components of Blood
b b
Plasma ( 55% ) solid elements 1451)
↳ water ( 91% ) =
Liquid part of blood ↳ cells + cell fragments -_
Formed elements
↳
Transports cellular elements of blood throughout CS 99.9%
b
↳
Erythrocytes = RBC → Biconcave discs
proteins serum
↳ solutes ( ≈ 9J .
) p
plasma -
-_
e. ii.
↳ Electrolytes , proteins , fats , glucose ,
bilirubin , and gases ↳ WIBC →
Neutrophils , Eosinophils , Basophils ,
< • ii. Lymphocytes , monocytes
↳ Plasma proteins = most abundant solute Gi .
) ↳
thrombocytes = Platelets
↳
Examples
:
albumin , globulin s , and fibrinogens
✓
b
•
Goi .
•
36% of plasma .
4 i. of plasma
•
produced in liver Proteins ,
proteins
'
Act as transport ◦
produced by liver to
Alpha {
•
ions ,
Beta Gamma blood plasma
protein → carry
Formed in liver produced in
Largest plasma proteins
•
and some
◦ •
hormones ,
plasma ,e ,, , .in
lipids -
Transport lipids lymph nodes
•
Needed for clotting
osmotic { fat vitamins
controls soluble Function Polypeptide
◦ •
as
-
.
pressure → keeps in b' °°ᵈ immunoglobulins •
Acts a s acute phase
water in bloodstream or antibodies of proteins
immune system • Fibrin creates a
fibrous network for clotting
, Erythrocytes RBC
•
=
↳ No nucleus in mature red blood cell
↳
Lifespan =
Approx . 120 Approx 4 months women 12-16 gldl
days = . .
=
↳
Primary function =
Transport Oz to cells of body ↑ men 13 -1891dL =
↳ Has
approx . 280 million molecules of hemoglobin
•
Iron cont-ainihgretpirat.org
protein → carries Oz from lungs
to rest of body .
MMM ◦
1 Hb = yneme = 4 iron atoms 402
•
Recycled Hb iron →Turns into
bili verdin → Turns to bilirubin→
excreted in bite
•
1 Hb = 4 protein building blocks
Jaundice
called
globins
High levels > 2 -3mg 1dL modified and removed via urine
{ feces
= =
I
•
Liver =
conjugation of bilirubin to make it soluble → excreted
in b→ enters digestive tract →
helps emulsify fat
•
Intestine → converts bilirubin into :
↳
urobilinogen → urine → reabsorbed by
feces
kidney
↳ Stereo
bilinogen →
•
Iron →
transported by transferrin to liver
→ transferred to ferritin for storage
I
can be transported to red bone
marrow
•
Jaundice = Yellowish pigmentation in skin
feces may be pale
•
↳ caused by →
Indirectly = bilirubin in urine , excess RBC breakdown , sickle cell
anaemia
→
Directly =
conjugated bilirubin = liver disease or bite obstruction
