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ALL PSYCHOLOGY NOTES (CH 1-9, 12, 14, 15), All You need for easy revision. Rated A
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ALL PSYCHOLOGY NOTES (CH 1-9, 12, 14, 15), All You need for easy revision. Rated A CHAPTER GUIDE: CH 1: 77 terms - CARDS 3-79 CH 2: 78 terms - CARDS 80-158 CH 3: 92 terms - CARDS 159-251 CH 4: 105 terms - CARDS 252-357 CH 5: 103 terms - CARDS 358-461 CH 6: 114 terms - CARDS 462-576 CH 7...

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  • June 6, 2023
  • 156
  • 2022/2023
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • 12
  • 14
  • all psychology notes ch 1 9
  • 15

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ALL PSYCHOLOGY NOTES (CH 1-9, 12,
14, 15), All You need for easy revision.
Rated A

CHAPTER GUIDE:

CH 1: 77 terms - CARDS 3-79

CH 2: 78 terms - CARDS 80-158

CH 3: 92 terms - CARDS 159-251

CH 4: 105 terms - CARDS 252-357

CH 5: 103 terms - CARDS 358-461

CH 6: 114 terms - CARDS 462-576

CH 7: 102 terms - CARDS 577-679

CH 8: 110 terms - CARDS 680-790

CH 9: 70 terms - CARDS 791-861

CH 12: 102 terms - CARDS 862-964

CH 14: 94 terms - CARDS 965-1059

CH 15: 25 terms - CARDS 1060-1085 - ✔✔Chapter 1: Science of Psychology

Chapter 2: Biological Perspective

Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception

Chapter 4: Consciousness

Chapter 5: Learning

Chapter 6: Memory

Chapter 7: Cognition

Chapter 8: Development

Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion

Chapter 12: Social Psychology

Chapter 14: Psychological Disorders

,Chapter 15: Psychological Therapies



CHAPTER 1:

Science of Psychology - ✔✔CARDS 2-79



What is Psychology? - ✔✔The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

-- behavior: any action

-- metal processes: perceptions, thoughts, feelings (latent constructs)

-- scientific



Goals of Psychology - ✔✔1. Describe (what is happening?)

2. Explain (why is it happening?)

3. Predict (when will i happen again?)

4. Control (how can it be changed?)



Wilheim Wundt - ✔✔"Father of Psychology"

- Some work involved *objective introspection*

• 1. First attempt to bring objectivity/measurement in

psychology

• 2. Founded the 1st experimental psychology

laboratory.



objective introspection - ✔✔Wundt -- process of objectively examining and measuring one's own
thoughts and mental activities

EX: place object, like rock, in student's hand and have student explain everything he was feeling from
holding the rock -- all sensations by the rock



Edward Titchener - ✔✔• Student of Wundt, translated many of Wundt's works into English

• *Structuralism*

,- Study consciousness by trying to understand its smallest, most basic elements

• Introspection of thoughts as well as physical objects



Structuralism - ✔✔Titchener -- expanded on Wundt's original ideas -- focus of the study was the
structure of the mind



William James - ✔✔• Functionalism:



Fuctionalism - ✔✔William James -- Study the function of consciousness‐how the mind allows people to
work, play, adapt to new circumstances



Max Wertheimer - ✔✔Gestalt Psychology, or how we experience the world

- "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts."



Gestalt Psychology - ✔✔Wertheimer -- How we experience the world as whole



Sigmund Freud - ✔✔Worked with patients whose complaints had no

identifiable physical cause

• Focused on the role of the unconscious

- Where unwanted urges and desires are pushed

towards

• *Psychoanalysis*: therapy based on Freud's ideas

- Focus on early childhood development; psychosexual

stages

- Dream interpretation: "The interpretation of dreams

is the royal road to a knowledge of the unconscious

activities of the mind."

, psychoanalysis - ✔✔Freud -- theory based on Freud's ideas that there is an unconscious (unaware) mind
into which we push/repress all threatening urges or desires, which cause nervous disorders [focuses on
early childhood experiences]



John Watson - ✔✔*Behaviorism* or study of the observable behavior

-- performed the "Little Albert" study trying to create a phobia using the classic conditioning, a
technique discovered by Pavlov



Behaviorism - ✔✔Watson -- focused on the study of observable behavior



Pavlov - ✔✔Interested in reflexes

• Discovered that reflexes could be learned/conditioned aka *conditioning*

EX: observing dogs & metronome

- At first, Pavlov turned metronome on, feed dogs, caused saliva (natural response)

- Then, metronome caused saliva before being feed, a learned reflexive response (aka conditioning)



conditioning - ✔✔Pavlov -- the idea that reflexive responses can be learned or "conditioned"



John Watson: Little Albert study - ✔✔Freud: phobias are the result of unconscious conflicts

-- Watson believed he could create a phobia using the conditioning technique discovered by Pavlov

-- Took baby, "Little Albert," and taught him to fear a rat by making loud, scary noises every time a rat
appeared until just seeing the rat made the baby cry/fearful



7 Modern Perspectives of Pyschology - ✔✔• Psychodynamic

• Behavioral

• Humanistic

• Cognitive

• Sociocultural

• Bio-psychological Perspective

• Evolutionary Perspective

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