Exam (elaborations)

OCANZ Quiz Tim - Short Answer Questions, latest Update. VERIFIED.

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OCANZ

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OCANZ Quiz Tim - Short Answer
Questions, latest Update. VERIFIED.

List and briefly discuss the major causes of visual impairment in Australia. List and briefly discuss the
major causes of visual impairment in developing countries.

In Australia

1.AMD cause of 50% of all blindness-less common in developing countries due to lower life expectancy
2.Glaucoma- 16% of blindness
3.Cataract-11% of blindness
3. Diabetic retinopathy (+ other= 20%)- Most common cause of visual impairment in working age
population
4. 3% uncorrected refractive error

Developing countries -uncorrected refractive errors, cataract- unavailable surgery, trachoma- river
water parasite, glaucoma

A teenage male attends your practice because he knows he is colour defective and he has been told that
there are some professions where restrictions are placed on those with a colour vision problem. What
advice would you give this patient?

Careers with strict restrictions: ARMED SERVICES
POLICE
AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLER
FIRE SERVICES

Also have restrictions but candidate can work within some divisions: COMMERCIAL PILOT
MARINE and MARINE PILOT etc;
TRAIN DRIVER
ELECTRICIAL ENGINERING
ELECTRICAL TRADES
COMMERCIAL ARTIST, HOSPITAL LABORATORY TECHNICIANS

PROFFESSIONAL TRANSPORT DRIVER- don't accept protanomaly- do accepy deuteranomoly

Indicate the review cycle you would recommend for the following patients including your rationale
behind the review cycle suggested

a) a patient with mild background retinopathy annual review

annual review

,Indicate the review cycle you would recommend for the following patients including your rationale
behind the review cycle suggested

a patient from whom you have just removed a superficial corneal foreign body

1/52 to check for signs of infection/inflammation and healing process

Indicate the review cycle you would recommend for the following patients including your rationale
behind the review cycle suggested

A patient with a branch retinal vein occlusion

3/12 review- check for '90-day glaucoma' rubeosis iridis/neovascularistion and macular oedema

Indicate the review cycle you would recommend for the following patients including your rationale
behind the review cycle suggested

a 6 year old child with hypermetropia and an alternating esotropia wear full cycloplegic rx

review in 6 months if no amblyopia

Indicate the review cycle you would recommend for the following patients including your rationale
behind the review cycle suggested

a patient with optic nerve head drusen

3 years with medicare?

Discuss the indications for gonioscopic assessment of a patients' anterior chamber angle. Describe the
structures you will see if the angle is open. (Open to closed)

increased IOPs, CAG symptoms, retinal vein/artery occlusions, pseudoexfoliation/PDS, pxs with
glaucoma, anterior uveitis pxs with inc. IOPs, before dilation if van herick < grade 2

ciliary body, scleral spur, Anterior/ posterior trabecular meshwork, schwalbes line,

Central visual field testing has an important role in the diagnosis of glaucoma.
What type of central field test would you use for a patient who was a glaucoma suspect?
How would you determine whether the test was reliable?
What information would you concentrate on in the printout to help decide as to whether the patient
had glaucoma?

Humphreys visual field analyser- c24-2 full threshold

Fixation losses <20%
False positives <33%
False negatives < 33%

, Glaucoma hemifield test, total deviation, pattern deviation type of loss present- paracentral, arcuate,
nasal step, generalised depression, temporal wedge

Discuss the ophthalmic drugs most commonly used for dilation. Include in your answer their mode of
action, duration and side effects. What patients should not be dilated?

Tropicamide 1%< anticholinergic, 4-6 hours risk of CAG, blurred vision,photophobia

Cylopentalate 1%< anticholinergic - 12-24hours risk of CAG, blurred vision,photophobia

Atropine 1%<

Homatropine 2%<

Pxs with iris fixed IOLs or pxs at risk of angle closure, pxs with known allergies to mydriatic agents,
downs syndrome pxs?

Define stereopsis. How would you measure stereopsis? What are normal values?

the perception of depth produced by the reception in the brain of visual stimuli from both eyes in
combination, combining areas in panums fusional area.

TNO dependent on age

5 years, 140 seconds:
5 1/2 years, 100 seconds;
6 years, 80 seconds;
7 years, 60 seconds;
9 years, 40 seconds.

Describe how you would assess whether a patient was suppressing an eye.

Check if Vas are equal/ history of amblyopia/strabismus/surgery/patching/cover test are all useful
factors to consider. Main test of suppression is worths 4 dot- if only 2-3 dots are seen then one eye is
supressed i.e eye with red filter should see green dots, eye with green filter shot see red dot/ if
unavailable can use mallet unit- polarisation filter means one eye sees 12 and 3 o'clock lines, one eye
sees 6 and 9 o'clock lines. If one eye is suppressed only 2 of the four lines will be visible.

Dry eye is a common disorder of the tear film caused by tear deficiency or excessive tear evaporation.
What are the major causes of dry eye and how should dry eye be assessed?

Causes of dry eye are related to:
• poor tear quality; i.e deficient lipid layer (MGD dysfunction- cause of 50% of dry eye), deficient mucous
layer (e.g stevens-johnson syndrome which effects goblet cells)
• insufficient tear production
• environmental factors (e.g VDU users, contact lens wearer, air conditioning)
• systemic disease (e.g sjogrens syndrome)

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Exam (elaborations)

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