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Health Assessment Exam 1
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Health Assessment Exam 1
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Health Assessment Exam 1*Assessment* - -*Assessment* is the collection of subjective and objective
data about a patient's health.
-*Subjective data* - -*Subjective data* consist of information provided by
the affected individual.
-*Objective data* - -*Objective data* include information obtained by the
health care provider through physical assessment, the patient's record, and
laboratory studies.
-*The database* - -The *database* is the totality of information available
about the patient. The purpose of assessment is to make a judgment or
diagnosis.
-*Diagnostic reasoning* - -*Diagnostic reasoning* is the process of
analyzing health data and drawing conclusions to identify diagnoses.
-Diagnostic reasoning has which four major components? - -*Diagnostic
reasoning* has which four major components?
(1) *Attending to* initially available *cues*, which are pieces of information,
signs, symptoms, or laboratory data;
(2) *Formulating diagnostic hypotheses*, which are tentative explanations
for a cue or a set of cues and can serve as a basis for further investigation;
(3) *Gathering data* relative to the tentative hypotheses;
(4) *evaluating each hypothesis* with the new data collected, which leads to
a final diagnosis.
-The *nursing process* includes which six phases? - -The *nursing process*
includes which six phases?
(1) *assessment*,
(2) *diagnosis*,
(3) *outcome identification*,
(4) *planning*,
(5) *implementation*, and
(6) *evaluation*.
It is a dynamic, interactive process in which practitioners move back and
forth within the steps.
-The *novice nurse* - -The *novice nurse* has no experience with specific
patient populations and uses rules to guide performance.
, -The *experienced nurse* - -The *experienced nurse* understands a patient
situation as a whole rather than as a list of tasks, attends to an assessment
data pattern, and acts without consciously labeling it.
-*Critical thinking* - -*Critical thinking* is the multidimensional thinking
process needed for sound diagnostic reasoning and clinical judgment.
Seventeen critical thinking skills have been identified, including *setting
priorities.*
-*First-level priority problems* - -*First-level priority problems* are
emergent, life-threatening, and immediate, such as establishing an airway or
supporting breathing.
-*Second-level priority problems* - -*Second-level priority problems* are
next in urgency. They require prompt intervention to prevent deterioration,
and may include a mental status change or acute pain.
-*Third-level priority problems* - -*Third-level priority problems* are
important to the patient's health, but can be addressed after more urgent
problems. Examples include lack of knowledge or family coping.
-Evidence-based practice - -Evidence-based practice is a systematic
approach to practice that uses the *best evidence,* the *clinician's
experience,* and the *patient's preferences and values* to make decisions
about care and treatment.
-Every examiner needs to collect *four kinds of databases* based on the
situation. What are the four kinds of databases? - -Every examiner needs to
collect *four kinds of databases* based on the situation. What are the four
kinds of databases?
(1) A *complete (or total health) database* includes a complete health
history and a full physical examination.
(2) A *focused (or problem-centered) database* is used for a limited or short-
term problem. It is smaller in scope and more targeted than the complete
database.
(3) A *follow-up database* evaluates the status of any identified problem at
regular intervals to follow up on short-term or chronic health problems.
(4) An *emergency database* calls for rapid collection of data, which
commonly occurs while performing lifesaving measures.
-The *biomedical model* - -The *biomedical model* of Western medicine
views health as the absence of disease. It focuses on collecting data on
biophysical signs and symptoms and on curing disease.
-The *holistic health model* - -The *holistic health model* assesses the
whole person because it views the mind, body, and spirit as interdependent
,and functioning as a whole within the environment. Health depends on all
these factors working together.
-The concept of health also includes health promotion and disease
prevention. - -...
-Health assessment also should consider what two other factors? - -Health
assessment also should consider what two other factors?
(1) The usual and expected *developmental tasks* for each age group
(2) the *cultural beliefs and practices* of different people. Obtaining a
heritage assessment helps gather data that are accurate and meaningful and
can guide culturally sensitive and appropriate care.
-According to the biomedical model, a narrow definition of health is:
A) an optimal functioning of mind, body, and spirit within the environment.
B) the absence of disease.
C) the response of the whole person to actual or potential problems.
D) prevention of disease. - -According to the biomedical model, a narrow
definition of health is:
A) an optimal functioning of mind, body, and spirit within the environment.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing has an expanded concept of health; holistic health includes the
mind, body, and spirit as interdependent and functioning as a whole within
the environment.
*B) the absence of disease.*
*Feedback: CORRECT*
From a biomedical perspective, health is defined as the absence of disease
or elimination of symptoms and signs of disease.
C) the response of the whole person to actual or potential problems.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing diagnoses are clinical judgments about a person's response to an
actual or potential health state.
D) prevention of disease.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Health promotion and disease prevention are important aspects of nursing's
concept of health.
-What type of data base is most appropriate when a rapid collection of data
is required and often compiled concurrently with life-saving measures?
, A) Episodic
B) Follow-up
C) Emergency
D) Complete - -What type of data base is most appropriate when a rapid
collection of data is required and often compiled concurrently with life-saving
measures?
A) Episodic
Feedback: INCORRECT
An episodic database is for a limited or short-term problem; this database
concerns mainly one problem, one cue complex, or one body system.
B) Follow-up
Feedback: INCORRECT
A follow-up database is used to follow-up short-term or chronic health
problems; the statuses of identified problems are evaluated at regular and
appropriate intervals.
*C) Emergency*
*Feedback: CORRECT*
An emergency database is rapid collection of the data often obtained
concurrently with lifesaving measures.
D) Complete
Feedback: INCORRECT
A complete database includes a complete health history and a full physical
examination; it describes the current and past health state and forms a
baseline against which all future changes can be measured.
-A medical diagnosis is used to evaluate:
A) a person's state of health.
B) the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
C) a person's culture.
D) the cause of disease. - -A medical diagnosis is used to evaluate:
A) a person's state of health.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing diagnoses are clinical judgments about a person's response to an
actual or potential health state.
B) the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
Feedback: INCORRECT
Nursing diagnoses are used to evaluate the response of the whole person to
actual or potential health problems.
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