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Summary

Summary Psychology 110 Chapter 1 Notes

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  • Course
  • SLK 110
  • Institution
  • University Of Pretoria (UP)
  • Book
  • Psychology: Themes and Variations

The notes cover all the necessary information within Chapter 1 of the prescribed SLK/Psychology 110 textbook. The notes are able to provide the student with in-depth knowledge about the work in this chapter.

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  • No
  • Chapter 1
  • June 22, 2023
  • 25
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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  • psychology

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SLK 110 Chapter 1

A new science is born

● Psyche (soul) + logos (study of a subject)

● Originated from philosophy and physiology. These professors became more

interested in the human mind and identified fascinating questions that they tried

to answer within their perspective field.

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920), German. (Founder of Psychology)

○ Wundt campaigned to make psychology an independent discipline.

○ In 1879, Wundt created the first laboratory for research in psychology,

(University of Leipzig, Germany.).

○ 1879= Psychology Birthday.

○ 1881= First journal devoted to psychological research.

○ Believed psychology should be a science modelled on fields like physics

and chemistry.

○ Psychology was created as an independent discipline as a scientific study

of consciousness.

■ The awareness of immediate experience. Focuses directly on the

mind.

○ Principles of Physiological Psychology, claimed that consciousness is a

universal possession of all living organisms.

○ Experimental Psychology: The exact description of consciousness is the

sole aim.

○ Observing Behaviour: Quantifiable direct observation.

■ There are two types of observations:

● External: The way to gather data about psychology and

human behaviour using direct observation.

● Internal = Interception

,Structuralism vs Functionalism

● The first two major schools of thought are structuralism and functionalism.

● Structuralists were attracted to the lab where the functionalists were more

interested in how people adapt their behaviour to the world around them.

Structuralism- Edward Titchener (1867-1927)

○ Worked In Wundt’s lab. Englishman who emigrated to the U.S in 1892.

○ Taught at Cornell University.

○ Structuralism was based on the idea that the task of psychology is to

analyse consciousness into its basic elements and to investigate how

these elements are related.

○ Wanted to identify the fundamental components of conscious experience

(Eg. Sensations, feelings and images.)

○ Structuralists depended on the structure of introspection, or the careful,

systematic self-observation of one's own conscious experience.

○ He trained subjects to be more aware and “objective.”

■ After being trained they were exposed to auditory tones and

stimuli. They are then asked to analyse and describe the quality,

intensity and clarity of what is experienced.

■ Eg. Dead Rat: quality (Nauseating), Intensity (Strong) and

clarify (stench) of sensations.

Functionalism- William James (1842-1910)

○ American man.

○ Functionalism was based on the belief that psychology should investigate

the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure.

○ Argued that the structuralist approach missed the nature of the conscious

experience.

○ According to James, Consciousness consists of a continuous flow of

thoughts. Structuralists were looking at a static point in the flow.

, ○ Believed in Adaptive Function or purpose of streams of consciousness.

■ Refers to the daily living skills that people perform to care for

themselves and to interact with others.

■ Part of a bigger whole.

○ Functionalists began to investigate mental testing, patterns of

development in children, the effectiveness of educational practices and

behavioural differences between the sexes.

○ Analysis of consciousness

■ Principles of psychology.

■ Paved the way for behaviourism and applied psychology.

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