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Summary SLK 110 Chapter 15 Notes (University of Pretoria)
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  • Course
  • SLK 110
  • Institution
  • University Of Pretoria (UP)
  • Book
  • Psychology: Themes and Variations

The notes cover all the necessary information within Chapter 15 of the prescribed SLK/Psychology 110 textbook. The notes are able to provide the student with in-depth knowledge about the work in this chapter.

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  • No
  • Chapter 15
  • June 22, 2023
  • 34
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

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  • university of pretoria

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Chapter 15
SLK 110



Elements Of the Treatment Process

● Sigmund Freud is widely credited with launching modern psychotherapy.

○ He discovered that a patient’s symptoms cleared up when she was

encouraged to talk about emotionally charged experiences from her past.

○ Talking things through had enabled the patient to release bottled-up

emotions that had caused her symptoms.

■ This insight led him to develop a new treatment procedure, which he

called psychoanalysis.


Treatments: How Many Types are there?

● Approaches to treatment can be classified into three major categories:

1. Insight Therapies:

● Is talk therapy in the tradition of Freud’s psychoanalysis.

● Clients engage in complex, often lengthy verbal interactions with their

therapist.

● The goal is to pursue increased insight regarding the nature of the

client’s difficulties and to sort through possible solutions.

2. Behaviour Therapies:

● Based on the principles of learning.

● Emphasising personal insights, behaviour therapists make direct

efforts to change problematic responses and maladaptive habits.




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, 3. Biomedical Therapies:

● Involve intervention into a person’s biological functioning.

● Most widely used procedures are drug therapy and electroconvulsive

therapy.

● Biomedical therapies suggest these treatments are provided only by

doctors with a medical degree.


Clients: Who seeks therapy?

● People seeking mental health treatment represent the full range of human

problems:

○ Anxiety, depression, unsatisfactory interpersonal relations, troublesome

habits, poor self-control, low self-esteem, marital conflicts, self-doubt, a

sense of emptiness and feelings of personal stagnation.

● Mood and anxiety disorders were more common among women, and substance use

disorders were more common among men.

○ More than 17 million people in South Africa are dealing with depression,

substance abuse, anxiety, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia.

● The overburdened health system and the lack of mental resources in South Africa

mean that many people who require therapy do not receive it.

○ About 30% of South African adults meet the criteria for a mental disorder at

some stage in their life.

■ One of the most common reasons for not seeking support from

mental health services may be the individual’s perception relating to

the need for assistance.




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, ■ The stigma surrounding receiving mental health treatment is a serious

barrier as many people equate seeking therapy with admitting

personal weakness or cultural deficiency.




Utilisation of Mental Health Services in South Africa

● Service delivery within a South African context is distributed across three levels:

○ Primary (consisting of clinics, healthcare centres and district hospitals).

○ Secondary (regional hospitals).

○ Tertiary (provincial hospitals) and quaternary (specialised hospitals).

● Psychological and psychiatric services are insufficient at all levels, and particularly at

primary and secondary levels.

○ The tertiary levels are overcrowded and under-resourced.

○ This poses a serious challenge to the accessibility of mental healthcare within

a community setting.

● Regional and district hospitals are ill-prepared to facilitate the increased demand for

psychiatric services on both a primary and secondary level.

○ Budget constraints and ineffective utilisation of resources contribute to

dissatisfaction with the implementation of the Mental Healthcare Act.


Mental Health Professionals Who Can Provide Professional Treatment

● It is not uncommon for people to seek help from friends, family members and

partners before seeking assistance from a psychiatrist or psychologist.

○ Friends and relatives may provide you with excellent advice about your

personal problems, but their assistance does not qualify as therapy.



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, ○ A common source of confusion about psychotherapy is the variety of ‘helping

professions’ involved.

● Psychology and psychiatry are the main professions involved in the delivery of

psychotherapy, but treatment is also provided by other types of mental health

professionals.




Psychology:

● The professions within the field of psychology include the following fields of expertise:

○ Registered counsellor.

○ Psychometrist.

○ Clinical psychologist.

○ Counselling psychologist.

○ Educational psychologist.

○ Research psychologist.

○ Industrial psychologist.

● Those interested in majoring in psychology at a postgraduate level would need to complete an

undergraduate degree and Honours degree, and a Master’s programme at an accredited tertiary

academic institution.

● A Master’s programme in clinical, counselling, research and educational psychology includes

coursework, practical exposure and the completion of a mini dissertation.

○ This is conducted over a two-year period.

● Clinical psychologists and counselling psychologists specialise in the diagnosis and treatment of

psychological disorders and everyday behavioural problems.




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