Class notes

Introduction to Statistics in Psychology, Central Tendency, and Variability

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Course
Psychology (PSY201H5S)

Institution
University Of Toronto (U Of T )

These course notes cover fundamental topics present in any introductory statistics class. This includes the distinction between descriptive and inferential statistics, understanding scales of measures and variable types, a basic run-down of frequency distributions and how to calculate central tende...

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Uploaded on June 27, 2023
Number of pages 9
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Mellanie stollstorff
Contains All classes

scales of measures
variable types
variability
basic statistical terminology for psychology
frequency distributions and graphs
central tendency formulations

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1. Class notes - Introduction to null hypothesis significance testing
2. Class notes - Introduction to statistics in psychology, central tendency, and variability
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Psyzol Research Methods & Statistics

MASH IYAT AHMED

M. Stolltorf

Methodology and Statistics

University of Toronto

, Ch. 1 Introduction, Course Objectives
7. Immediate goals of course
·
Understand research

· avoidstatistical misinterpretation

Whatis statistics?
-

Descriptive statistics:Summarize data using a descriptive value

Ceg. Central tendency, graphs); a number that
conveys a dominant

statistical characteristic
-

Inferential statistics:uses statistical
predictive power to reach
conclusions unmeasured
about populations.
-
measurements for entire populations

!- Al absorb variation

-measurements in samples
(only "true"variation)

include both

spopulation) sample)"true" V andchances

↳ probabalistic power- - inferential stats buildtools to minimize

inferential statistics Chance (eg. null hypothesis)

Terminology
2. Parameters -
numerical, nominal descriptor a
of population
2. Statistic -

numerical, nominal descriptor of sample

3. Variables) -

any or trait
quantity that
can
vary (e.g., heigh, eye colour)
↳ . Quantitative. v- variables which indicate amounts, degrees
↳ S. Continous, Qualitative. V -
of
measurement (kinds),
quality continuous
quantitative variables can be ANY amount

5.5 6.5 <.S
6.5 upper limit score of

is
is
6. Lower limit
7
In memory recall
7. Upper limit 7 8 -Becall memory. I can be
8. Discreet. V- Intermediate
scores for
6.5 or 7.5, butw ill be

discreet values are not meaningful (7)
expressed as

/e.g., intermediate values are not possible;
of shoes you own)
#

9.
Categorical v. -

(qualitative.v) differ in kinds, amount.
not

eye colour, political affiliation, ordered kinds
-

lo. Independent. V 2 3 5 independent." (manipulated)
=
+

Dependent.v (observed

Y
2 4 6
+
=

11. Dependent. V Extraneous.(notintentionally
2 9 11
+
=

manipulated)
1. 2. Extraneous,
Experimental Design:DV varies with IV while keeping
confounding. V Ev constant.

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