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Grade 12 Chemistry: Organic Chemistry

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Course
Chemistry

Institution
12th Grade

Grade 12 Chemistry Notes on Organic Chemistry. This document contains topics varying from organic nomenclature, isotopes, functional groups, hydrocarbon derivatives, and organic reactions.

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Uploaded on July 8, 2023
Number of pages 15
Written in 2022/2023
Type Interview
Company Unknown
Person Unknown

Institution Secondary school
Education 12th Grade
Course Chemistry
School year 1

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Grade 12 Chemistry

CA$ 44.74 CA$ 25.89 4 items

1. Interview - Grade 12 chemistry: structures and properties of matter
2. Interview - Grade 12 chemistry: thermochemistry and reaction rates
3. Interview - Grade 12 chemistry: equilibrium
4. Interview - Grade 12 chemistry: organic chemistry
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unit A organic chemistry
organic Nomenclature

I aromatic

i
Benzene derivatives
or

senzaiaen.ae on
cobenzoic
s e toluene
asaside
chain acid
enemy

eminenta n
phenyla pentane

a c c
c c c c
cis a
trans

when the connectivity is to the middlecarbonuse iso cexisopropyl

introduction to organic compounds
Two ormorestructures are possible for the samemolecular formula
this phenomenon is calledisomerism
thedifferentstructureswiththesamemolecular formulaare calledisomers

isomerism

isomerscontainsameatomssameformula

constitutionalisomers stereoisomers

differentconnections sameconnectivitydifferent
betweenatomsbonding threedimensionalorientation
of bonds

i
mirror images applies to a not mirrorimages
chiralcarbon

H H H
F F H e
cis

, constitutional isomers stereoisomers
isomershavesamemolecularformula me havesamemolecular formula
Atomsbondedin adifferentsequence atomsbonded insamesequence

soknownas structuresome Differin soorientationofatoms

in space
Diastereomers enantiomers

mmmm
carbonatomswithdifferenttypesofatomscarbonatom
cis
isomerwhentwoidenticalgroupsoratoms
areonthesameside atleastonecarbonatombondedtofour
isomerwhentwoidenticalgroupsoratoms
trans
chiral
differenttypes of atoms orgroupscalled ca

organiccompounds
contain a bonded to other elementscommonly H.o.ms andhalogens
carbon
canformmanydifferentcompounds dueto bondingcapacity
onas intermediate electronegativity so its mostlikely to form molecular compounds
canmakesingledoubleandtriplebonds
ocanformisomers

typesofHydrocarbons
saturated contain the maximumnumber of hydrogenssinglebondbetween all carbons
unsaturated contain at double or triplebonds
aliphatic carbonsarearrangedin chains
cyclic carbonsare arranged in rings
Aromatic contain a benzenering

structural shorthand
explicithydrogensitnoserequired to completecarbon'svalencesare usually left off of drawingsof hydrocarbons
nineintersectionsrepresent carbonatoms

NAMING ALKANES
Based off thenumber of c atoms in the longestchain
1 count the number of c's in the longestchain
2 Determine the appropriate root
3 usethe numbered as to give the branches a positionnumber add n suffix
4addthesuffix ane

alicyclic
connectedendtoendforming aring

or doublebonds presentinthe mainchain
Havingsingleand

generalformula is anman
can be saturated or unsaturated
suffix changes depending on presence ofdoublebonds
prefixused is always cyclo before theroot

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