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Biochemistry ACS Exam 2023 Questions and Answers
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Biochemistry ACS Exam 2023 Questionsand Answers
nucleotides - Answer- monomeric unit for nucleic acids and are composed of nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar and a phosphate
nucleic acids are biopolymers of - Answer- nucleotide monomers
DNA - Answer- -more stable
- carrier of genetic information
- double stranded
RNA - Answer- - less stable
- intermediate in expression of genetic information
- can form secondary structure (as in tRNA) by hydrogen bonding with itself
- not all forms of RNA are intermediates in expression of genetic information
- single stranded (usually)
types of RNA - Answer- - tRNA
- rRNA
- siRNA
- miRNA
tRNA - Answer- - transfer RNA
- holds amino acids used in protein synthesis - WOBBLE position (inosine)
rRNA - Answer- - ribosomal RNA
- part of the ribosome
siRNA - Answer- - small interfering RNA
- short term silencing of pleiotrophin coding genes
- targets mRNA for degradation
miRNA - Answer- - micro RNA
- silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression
purines - Answer- - 2 rings
- adenine, guanine
pyrimidines - Answer- - single ring
- cytosine, thymine - uracil (RNA only)
number of H bonds in A-T/U - Answer- 2
number of H bonds in G-C - Answer- 3
adenine - Answer- guanine - Answer- cytosine - Answer- thymine - Answer- uracil - Answer- A : T base pair - Answer- G : C base pair - Answer- Tm - Answer- temperature at which 50% of DNA is annealed
(melting point of GC-rich DNA is higher than AT rich DNA due to number of G-C hydrogen bonds -- 3)
B DNA - Answer- - 0.34 nm between bp
- 3.4 nm per turn
- about 10 bp per turn
- right handed helix
- bases are stacked parallel and bases are facing each other at the same level making it
have H-bonding
A DNA - Answer- - cylindrical CORE
- 11 bp per turn
- forms when DNA is dehydrated
- more tightly wound that B DNA (right handed helix)
- bases are not parallel but at an angle (angle gives it a less strong H-bonding making A
conformation less stable than B DNA)
Z DNA - Answer- - 12 bp per turn
- no grooves
- left handed helix
- occurs in G/C rich regions
REN - Answer- restriction endonuclease recombination
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