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Summary Pathophysiology
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dura mater - Outer layer of meninges, tough, fibrous, double layered. dural sinuses - Formed by spits in dura mater. Collect venous blood and CSF for return to general circulation. mediastinum (what is it) - Area of thoracic cavity between lungs. Location of trachea, esophagus, heart & ...

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  • August 2, 2023
  • 17
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

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Pathophysiology terms(summary)

dura mater - Outer layer of meninges, tough, fibrous, double layered.



dural sinuses - Formed by spits in dura mater. Collect venous blood and CSF for return to general
circulation.



mediastinum (what is it) - Area of thoracic cavity between lungs. Location of trachea, esophagus, heart
& large vessels



pericardial sac - Fibrous sac, holds heart, double-walled, anchors heart to diaphragm.



endocardium - inner layer of heart, forms 4 heart valves



septum in heart - separtes L & R sides of heart



SA node - other name - pacemaker



sinus rhythm - basic rate of impulses generated by SA node (70 beats per minute)



location of sinoatrial node - right atrium



Where does impulse go to after SA node - Spreads through atrial conduction pathways, resulting in
contraction of both atria



AV node - what is it - Atrioventricular node. Impulse arrives here after SA node sent it through atria



AV node - where is it - Floor of R atrium near septum. Is the only anatomical connection between atrial
and ventricular portions of conduction system.

,AV bundle - other name - Bundle of His - other name



ECG - what does it do - Records electrical changes sent by conduction impulses as picked up by
electrodes



apoptosis - normal programmed cell death in tissues



endogenous - originating from within the body



exogenous - originating from outside the body



gangrene - necrotic tissue infected by bacteria



hypoxia - decreased or insufficient level of oxygen in the tissues



iatrogenic - caused by a treatment, procedure or error



idiopathic - no known cause



ischemia - decreased blood supply to an organ or tissue



lysis - destruction of a cell



lysosomal enzymes - released into tissues undergoing lysis; cause inflammation and damage to nearby
cells and reduced function



morphologic - structural

, pathogenesis - development of the disease or sequence of events involved in the tissue changes
related to the specific disease process



insidious - Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, with only vague or mild signs, but with harmful effects.
Ex: "the xx effects of stress"; hepatitis



subclinical - pathologic changes occur but no obvious manifestations exhibited, perhaps because of
great reserve capacity of some organs. Ex: kidney damage may progress to an advanced stage of renal
failure before symptoms are manifested.



latent - silent stage, no clinical signs evident. May be called incubation period in some infectious
diseases. May be communicable during this period.



prodromal - time in early development of disease; pt know of change in body, but signs are nonspecific;
a stage in infections. Labs tests are negative, difficult to confirm diagnosis.



manifestations - clinical evidence or effects, signs and symptoms, local or systemic



lesion - specific local change in tissue, may be microscopic



syndrome - collection of signs and symptoms, often affecting more than one organ. Usually occur
together in response to a certain condition.



remission - manifestations of the disease subside



exacerbation - manifestations of the disease increase



precipitating factor - condition that triggers an acute episode. Ex - shoveling snow on a cold day may
trigger an MI



complications - new secondary or additional problems. Ex - following an MI, pt may develop congestive
heart failure, which is a(n) xx.

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