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Epidemiology Q&A
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What is Epidemiology and how is it used in Public Health? - Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and causes of disease in populations. It investigates health and disease with respect to person, place, and time. And involves the ability to think logically, count and have an imaginative ide...

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  • August 3, 2023
  • 10
  • 2023/2024
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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Epidemiology Q&A


What is Epidemiology and how is it used in Public Health? - Epidemiology is the study of the distribution
and causes of disease in populations. It investigates health and disease with respect to person, place,
and time. And involves the ability to think logically, count and have an imaginative idea.



What are the 2 types of Epidemiology and describe them. - Descriptive Epidemiology-the study of the
natural history of the disease and determines the burden of the disease in the population.



Analytical Epidemiology-It identifies the cause of disease and evaluates new prevention or treatment
strategies



What is the difference between the terms exposure and outcome? - Exposure refers to factors that
could cause disease.

Outcome is the result of being exposed.



Primary Prevention - Preventing the disease before it can occur. Examples include: increase physical
activity, use of condoms, etc.



Secondary Prevention - Early identification of disease

Examples include: Mammograms, cholesterol test, etc.



Tertiary Prevention - Limit disability due to disease

Examples include: Appropriate treatment and follow-up, patient education, etc.



Hippocrates - Major contribution to epidemiology was systemic observation



What does modern epidemiology focus on and how does that differ from past decades? - Modern
epidemiology focuses on chronic diseases, prevention, and genetic epidemiology where as in past
decades it was more focused on quantifying diseases (nutritional deficiencies and infectious diseases)

, James Lind - Conducted the first clinical trial



John Snow - Analysis of vital statistics



John Graunt - Mapping of cholera epidemic



What are two possible sources of data? What are the strengths and limitations for each type? - Existing
data:

Strengths- large population, quicker, easier, cheaper

Weaknesses- not collected for research, can be incomplete or inaccurate, people included might be
different from those not included



Collecting Data:

Strengths- provides measurable variables, and the population in which you are interested, you have
more control over the quality of the data

Weaknesses: Higher costs in time and money, need to recruit participants, interview problems



What are the two types of epidemiological research? What are the major differences between the two?
- Descriptive- looks at the distribution of disease in terms of person, place, and time

Analytical- Evaluates risk factors for disease



What are the three types of descriptive statistics discussed in class? Make sure to include their
formulas! - Proportion, ratio, and rate



proportion= number of events/ the total number of observations in a group



ratio= number of observational events/ number of non-observational events



rate= (number of events per defined length of time)/ the total number of observations in a group

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