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Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health 10th Edition Norris

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pathophysiology
norris
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Chamberlain College Of Nursing
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Health Care

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Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health
10th Edition Norris
Table of Contents
Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Disease...................................................................................... 3
Chapter 2- Cell and Tissue Characteristics ..................................................................................... 10
Chapter 3- Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death............................................................................ 16
Chapter 4- Genetic Control of Cell Function and Inheritance ........................................................... 22
Chapter 5- Genetic and Congenital Disorders ................................................................................. 28
Chapter 6- Neoplasia ...................................................................................................................... 35
Chapter 7- Stress and Adaptation.................................................................................................... 41
Chapter 8-a- Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance ................................................................. 48
Chapter 8-b- Disorders of Acid-Base Balance ................................................................................. 54
Chapter 9- Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing ......................................................... 60
Chapter 10- Alterations in Temperature Regulation ......................................................................... 67
Chapter 10- Mechanisms of Infectious Disease ............................................................................... 73
Chapter 11- Innate and Adaptive Immunity ..................................................................................... 79
Chapter 12-a- Disorders of the Immune Response.......................................................................... 85
Chapter 12-b- HIV_ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ............................................................ 92
Chapter 13- Organization and Control of Neural Function ............................................................... 99
Chapter 14- Somatosensory Function, Pain, and Headache.......................................................... 106
Chapter 15- Disorders of Motor Function ....................................................................................... 113
Chapter 16- Disorders of Brain Function........................................................................................ 119
Chapter 17- Sleep and Sleep Disorders ........................................................................................ 126
Chapter 18- Disorders of Thought, Emotion, and Memory ............................................................. 133
Chapter 19- Disorders of Visual Function ...................................................................................... 139
Chapter 20- Disorders of Hearing and Vestibular Function ............................................................ 146
Chapter 21- Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System ............................................................... 152
Chapter 22- Disorders of Hemostasis ............................................................................................ 158
Chapter 23- Disorders of Red Blood Cells ..................................................................................... 165
Chapter 24- Disorders of White Blood Cells and Lymphoid Tissues .............................................. 172
Chapter 25- Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System ................................................ 178
Chapter 26-a- Disorders of Blood Flow.......................................................................................... 185
Chapter 26-b-Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation .................................................................. 191
Chapter 27-a- Disorders of Cardiac Function................................................................................. 198
Chapter 27-b- Heart Failure and Circulatory Shock ....................................................................... 205
Chapter 28- Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm ........................................................... 212
Chapter 29- Structure and Function of the Respiratory System ..................................................... 219

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,Chapter 30- a-Respiratory Tract Infections, Neoplasms ................................................................ 225
Chapter 30-b- Childhood Disorders ............................................................................................... 232
Chapter 31- Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange ............................................................... 238
Chapter 32- Structure and Function of the Kidney ......................................................................... 244
Chapter 33- Disorders of Renal Function....................................................................................... 250
Chapter 34- Acute Renal Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease ........................................................ 257
Chapter 35- Disorders of the Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract ..................................................... 264
Chapter 36- Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal System ............................................... 270
Chapter 37- Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function........................................................................ 277
Chapter 38- Disorders of Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Function ...................................... 285
Chapter 39- Alterations in Nutritional Status .................................................................................. 292
Chapter 40- Mechanisms of Endocrine Control ............................................................................. 299
Chapter 41- Disorders of Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism ........................................ 305
Chapter 42 - Structure and Function of the Male Genitourinary System ......................................... 312
Chapter 43- Disorders of the Male Rproductive System ................................................................ 318
Chapter 44- Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System ...................................... 325
Chapter 45- Disorders of the Female Reproductive System .......................................................... 332
Chapter 46- Sexually Transmitted Infections ................................................................................. 338
Chapter 47- Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System .............................................. 345
Chapter 48- Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function ....................................................................... 351
Chapter 49 - Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function ...................................................................... 358
Chapter 50- Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function ....................................................................... 364
Chapter 51- Structure and Function of the Skin ............................................................................. 371
Chapter 52- Disorders of Skin Integrity and Function..................................................................... 377

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, Chapter 1- Concepts of Health and Disease
1. At an international nursing conference, many discussions and breakout sessions
focusedon the World Health Organization (WHO) views on health. Of the following
commentsmade by nurses during a discussion session, which statements would be
considered a good representation of the WHO definition? Select all that apply.
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in such activities as
bookreviews and word games during social time
B) Increase in the number of chair aerobics classes provided in the skilled
carefacilities
C) Interventions geared toward keeping the elderly population diagnosed with
diabetes mellitus under tight blood glucose control by providing in-home cooking
classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients to and from their hemodialysis
sessions
E) Providing handwashing teaching sessions to a group of young
childrenAns: A, B, C, E
Feedback:
The WHO definition of health is defined as “a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.” Engaging in
book reviews facilitates mental and social well-being; chair aerobics helps facilitate
physical well-being; and assisting with tight control of diabetes helps with facilitating
physical well-being even though the person has a chronic disease. Handwashing is
vitalin the prevention of disease and spread of germs.

2. A community health nurse is teaching a group of recent graduates about the large
variety of factors that influence an individual's health or lack thereof. The nurse is
referring to the Healthy People 2020 report from the U.S. Department of Health
andHuman Services as a teaching example. Of the following aspects discussed,
which would be considered a determinant of health that is outside the focus of this
report?
A) The client has a diverse background by being of Asian and Native American
descent and practices various alternative therapies to minimize effects of
stress.
B) The client has a family history of cardiovascular disease related to
hypercholesterolemia and remains noncompliant with the treatment
regime.
C) The client has a good career with exceptional preventative health care benefits.
D) The client lives in an affluent, clean, suburban community with access to
manyhealth care facilities.
Ans: B
Feedback:
In Healthy People 2020, the focus is to promote good health to all (such as using
alternative therapies to minimize effects of stress); achieving health equity and
promoting health for all (which includes having good health care benefits); and
promoting good health (which includes living in a clean community with good access to
health care). A client's noncompliance with treatments to control high cholesterol levels
within the presence of a family history of CV disease does not meet the “attaining lives
free of preventable disease and premature death” determinant.

3. A physician is providing care for a number of patients on a medical unit of a large,
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, university hospital. The physician is discussing with a colleague the differentiation
between diseases that are caused by abnormal molecules and diseases that cause
disease.Which of the following patients most clearly demonstrates the consequences
of molecules that cause disease?
A) A 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia who is receiving a transfusion of
packed red blood cells
B) A 91-year-old woman who has experienced an ischemic stroke resulting
fromfamilial hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-year-old man with exacerbation of his cystic fibrosis requiring oxygen
therapy and chest physiotherapy
D) A 30-year-old homeless man who has Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
andis HIV positive.
Ans: D
Feedback:
PCP is an example of the effect of a molecule that directly contributes to disease.
Sicklecell anemia, familial hypercholesterolemia, and cystic fibrosis are all examples of
the effects of abnormal molecules.

4. A member of the health care team is researching the etiology and pathogenesis of a
number of clients who are under his care in a hospital context. Which of the following
aspects of clients' situations best characterizes pathogenesis rather than etiology?
A) A client who has been exposed to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
B) A client who has increasing serum ammonia levels due to liver cirrhosis
C) A client who was admitted with the effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
D) A client with multiple skeletal injuries secondary to a motor vehicle accident
Ans: B
Feedback:
Pathogenesis refers to the progressive and evolutionary course of disease, such as
theincreasing ammonia levels that accompany liver disease. Bacteria, poisons, and
traumatic injuries are examples of etiologic factors.
5. A new myocardial infarction patient requiring angioplasty and stent placement has
arrived to his first cardiac rehabilitation appointment. In this first session, a review of
the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease is addressed. Which statement by the
patientverifies to the nurse that he has understood the nurse's teachings about
coronary artery disease?
A) “All I have to do is stop smoking, and then I won't have any more heart attacks.”
B) “My artery was clogged by fat, so I will need to stop eating fatty foods like
French fries every day.”
C) “Sounds like this began because of inflammation inside my artery that made
iteasy to form fatty streaks, which lead to my clogged artery.”
D) “If I do not exercise regularly to get my heart rate up, blood pools in the veins
causing a clot that stops blood flow to the muscle, and I will have a heart
attack.”
Ans: C
Feedback:
The true etiology/cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown; however, the
pathogenesis of the disorder relates to the progression of the inflammatory process
froma fatty streak to the occlusive vessel lesion seen in people with coronary artery
disease. Risk factors for CAD revolve around cigarette smoking, diet high in fat, and
lack of exercise.

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