CHEM-210 Ch. 10, 11, 12, 13 & 14 POWERPOINT
NOTES QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Organic chemistry: correct answer: The study of carbon-
containing compounds except elemental carbon (diamond,
graphite, coal), CO2, CO, carbonates, and cyanides.
Inorganic chemistry: correct answer: Studies the elements and
everything else. The principle components of food, fuels, wood
construction, and clothing are organic compounds.
Octet rule: correct answer: A chemical rule of thumb that
reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to
combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its
valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a
nobel gas.
Properties of organic compounds: correct answer: Molar mass:
58
Bonding: covalent (C4H10)
Physical state at room temperature: gas
Boiling point: low (-0.5C)
Melting point: low (-139C)
Solubility in H2O: insoluble
Solubility in organic solvents: high
Flammability: flammable
Electrical conductivity: nonconductor
,Properties of inorganic compounds: correct answer: Molar
mass: 58.5
Bonding: ionic (Na+ and Cl- ions)
Physical state at room temperature: solid
Boiling point: high (141.3C)
Melting point: high (801C)
Solubility in H2O: high (36g/100mL)
Solubility in organic solvents: insoluble
Flammability: nonflammable
Electrical conductivity: conductor
Alkanes: correct answer: Contain only single bonds.
Cycloalkanes: correct answer: Alkanes with carbon atoms
bonded in rings.
Alkenes: correct answer: Contain at least one double bond.
Alkynes: correct answer: Contain at least one triple bond.
Alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are classified as:
correct answer: Aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Ionic compounds are: correct answer: Metals bonded with
nonmetals, electrons transferred.
Covalent compounds are: correct answer: Nonmetals bonded
with nonmetals, electrons shared.
Structural isomers: correct answer: -Constitutional/ structural
isomers
, -same molecular formula
-atoms are connected differently
-have different physical properties
Boiling point and melting point: correct answer: Increase with
increasing number of carbons and decrease with increasing
branches.
Another name for Isopropyl is: correct answer: Rubbing
alcohol.
Properties of cycloalkanes: correct answer: Two less hydrogen
compared to the open chain alkane, cannot move freely,
cis-/trans-geometric isomers.
Stereoisomers: correct answer: Same structural formula but
different spatial arrangements of atoms.
Geometric isomers: correct answer: With restricted rotation
around C-C bonds that differ in the three dimensional
arrangements of their atoms in space and not in the order of
linkage of atoms.
Cis-: correct answer: Substituents are on the same side of the
ring.
Trans-: correct answer: Substituents are on the opposite sides of
the ring.
Combustion reactions: correct answer: -Require oxygen and are
oxidation reactions.
NOTES QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Organic chemistry: correct answer: The study of carbon-
containing compounds except elemental carbon (diamond,
graphite, coal), CO2, CO, carbonates, and cyanides.
Inorganic chemistry: correct answer: Studies the elements and
everything else. The principle components of food, fuels, wood
construction, and clothing are organic compounds.
Octet rule: correct answer: A chemical rule of thumb that
reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to
combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its
valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a
nobel gas.
Properties of organic compounds: correct answer: Molar mass:
58
Bonding: covalent (C4H10)
Physical state at room temperature: gas
Boiling point: low (-0.5C)
Melting point: low (-139C)
Solubility in H2O: insoluble
Solubility in organic solvents: high
Flammability: flammable
Electrical conductivity: nonconductor
,Properties of inorganic compounds: correct answer: Molar
mass: 58.5
Bonding: ionic (Na+ and Cl- ions)
Physical state at room temperature: solid
Boiling point: high (141.3C)
Melting point: high (801C)
Solubility in H2O: high (36g/100mL)
Solubility in organic solvents: insoluble
Flammability: nonflammable
Electrical conductivity: conductor
Alkanes: correct answer: Contain only single bonds.
Cycloalkanes: correct answer: Alkanes with carbon atoms
bonded in rings.
Alkenes: correct answer: Contain at least one double bond.
Alkynes: correct answer: Contain at least one triple bond.
Alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are classified as:
correct answer: Aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Ionic compounds are: correct answer: Metals bonded with
nonmetals, electrons transferred.
Covalent compounds are: correct answer: Nonmetals bonded
with nonmetals, electrons shared.
Structural isomers: correct answer: -Constitutional/ structural
isomers
, -same molecular formula
-atoms are connected differently
-have different physical properties
Boiling point and melting point: correct answer: Increase with
increasing number of carbons and decrease with increasing
branches.
Another name for Isopropyl is: correct answer: Rubbing
alcohol.
Properties of cycloalkanes: correct answer: Two less hydrogen
compared to the open chain alkane, cannot move freely,
cis-/trans-geometric isomers.
Stereoisomers: correct answer: Same structural formula but
different spatial arrangements of atoms.
Geometric isomers: correct answer: With restricted rotation
around C-C bonds that differ in the three dimensional
arrangements of their atoms in space and not in the order of
linkage of atoms.
Cis-: correct answer: Substituents are on the same side of the
ring.
Trans-: correct answer: Substituents are on the opposite sides of
the ring.
Combustion reactions: correct answer: -Require oxygen and are
oxidation reactions.
