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Uoft 2023 Fall BCH210 Final exam Questions With Complete Solutions
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Monosaccharide formula correct answer: (CH2O)n (n is 3 or more) Aldotriose correct answer: Also known as glyceraldehyde, simplest aldehyde monosaccharide (n = 3), has L and D isomer (centre carbon is chiral) Ketotriose correct answer: Also known as dihydroxyacetone, simplest ketone monosac...

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  • August 14, 2023
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Uoft 2023 Fall BCH210 Final exam Questions
With Complete Solutions
Monosaccharide formula correct answer: (CH2O)n (n is 3 or
more)

Aldotriose correct answer: Also known as glyceraldehyde,
simplest aldehyde monosaccharide (n = 3), has L and D isomer
(centre carbon is chiral)

Ketotriose correct answer: Also known as dihydroxyacetone,
simplest ketone monosaccharide (n = 3), non chiral

Carbon numbering correct answer: Aldoses always have
aldehyde and C1, ketoses have ketone at C2

Sugar naming correct answer: triose, tetrose, pentose, hexose,
etc., l or d based on whether hydroxyl is right of chain (d) or left
(l), last chiral carbon (furthest from carbonyl) denoted with L or
D

L isomer of a sugar correct answer: Last chiral carbon's
hydroxyl is on the left

D isomer of a sugar correct answer: Last chiral carbon's
hydroxyl is on the right, found in body

Number of stereoisomers in a linear monosaccharide correct
answer: 2^(Number of chiral carbons), e.g. for an aldopentose,

,3 chiral carbons so 8 isomers, for a ketopentose, 2 chiral carbons
so 4 isomers. If including cyclic structures, there are 2 more or 4
more if it can form both 5 and 6 ring structures

cyclic structures of monosaccharides correct answer: Prevalent
form monosaccharides with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, form when the
hydroxyl group on the last chiral carbon reacts with the aldehyde
group or ketone group.

Furan ring correct answer: 5 member ring with O formed by
cyclization of a monosaccharide (cyclization of ketose usually).
Can occur with tetroses (4 Cs + O from carbonyl)

Pyran ring correct answer: 6 member ring with O formed by
cyclization of monosaccharide (cyclization of aldose usually)

Nucleophilic attack to cyclize sugars correct answer: Only
occurs in water, electrons of hydroxyl group attack carbonyl,
forming cyclic structure with the old hydroxide becoming an O
in the ring and a new hydroxide formed (using the old
hydroxide's H) either above/equatorial (beta) or below/axial
(alpha) the plane of the structure - beta is more stable

Anomeric Carbon correct answer: the new chiral center formed
in ring closure; it was the carbon containing the carbonyl in the
straight-chain form

Anomers correct answer: Isomers that differ at a new
asymmetric carbon atom formed on ring closure (e.g. alpha and
beta)

, Mutarotation correct answer: The rapid interconversion
between different anomers of a sugar that allows the substanace
to rotate polarized light

Isomers correct answer: Two different molecules that have the
same chemical formula

Constitutional isomers correct answer: same molecular formula,
different connectivity

Stereoisomers correct answer: Compounds with the same
structural formula but with a different arrangement of the atoms
in space.

Enantiomers correct answer: isomers that are mirror images of
each other

Diastereoisomers correct answer: Stereoisomers that are not
mirror images of each other. Includes epimers (only differ at one
assymetric carbon) and anomers (differ at a newly formed,
asymmetric C in the ring structure)

Reducing Sugars correct answer: Saccharides (sugars) that
donate electrons resulting in the reduction (gain of electrons) of
another molecule. Require a free OH next to O in the cyclic
form to convert back to the linear form and have a carbonyl to
react. Sugar acts as a reducing agent and is oxidized in reaction

Linearization of sugars correct answer: Bond is broken between
O and the carbon containing a hydroxyl. The O becomes a

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