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BCH210 Midterm Test 1| 160 Questions | With Complete Solutions
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proteins correct answer: polymers of amino acids linked in a linear chain by peptide/amide bonds (polypeptides) polysaccharides correct answer: polymers of sugars (mono-saccharides) linked in linear and branched chains by glycosidic bonds DNA correct answer: polymers of nucleotides linked ...

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  • August 15, 2023
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BCH210 Midterm Test 1| 160 Questions |
With Complete Solutions
proteins correct answer: polymers of amino acids linked in a
linear chain by peptide/amide bonds (polypeptides)

polysaccharides correct answer: polymers of sugars (mono-
saccharides) linked in linear and branched chains by glycosidic
bonds

DNA correct answer: polymers of nucleotides linked in linear
chains by phosphodiester bonds

protein enzymes correct answer: Linkages (bonds) are
formed/broken by _______?

sickle cell anemia correct answer: a single amino acid change in
hemoglobin protein; causes sickled red blood cells

dimerization correct answer: two things coming together

heterodimer correct answer: two polypeptide chains

non-covalent interactions correct answer: interactions that allow
binding and unbinding

covalent bonds correct answer: hold together amino acids; equal
electron sharing between two atoms

,non covalent bonds correct answer: allow chains to fold into
final structure

protein cofactors correct answer: non protein molecules and
metal ions that assist with protein structure and function; can
bound covalently or non covalently

transporters correct answer: bind molecules noncovalently

prosthetic groups correct answer: large chemicals that are
tightly bound by covalent or non-covalent forces

coenzyme correct answer: type of cofactor that 'shuttles'
commonly used functional groups in chemical reactions

metal ion cofactors correct answer: small molecules that
interact with protein and help with structure or be involved in
enzyme catalysis; perform noncovalent interactions

ionic/electrostatic interactions correct answer: strength depends
on polarity of charged species; sometimes known as salt bridge
for full +ve to -ve (charged) interactions

are important for ligand, cofactor, and/or substrate binding in
enzymes

salt bridges correct answer: a type of ionic interaction

can form between positively and negatively charged amino acids

,hydrogen bonds/bonding correct answer: strength is
proportional to polarity of H bond donor & acceptor; unequal
sharing between electronegative atom and H

strong, attractive non covalent forces; occur btwn molecules or
within parts of a single molecule

can form between hydroxyl, carboxyl, thiol, and amino groups
to help w protein solubility

can also form between amino acid side chains within a proteins
structure + backbone of polypeptides

hydrogen bond acceptors correct answer: electronegative atoms:
O, N, S, F, Cl, Br

hydrogen bond donors correct answer: hydrogen atoms
covalently bound to electronegative atoms

hydrophobic interactions correct answer: depends on entropy of
water being released, causing hydrophobic regions to come
together

can occur between aliphatic and hydrophobic side chains

van der waals forces correct answer: relatively weak + depends
on size of atoms and the distance between them; in non-polar
molecules and common in hydrophobic interactions

water correct answer: can form up to 4 transient hydrogen
bonds due to unequal sharing of electrons (dipole)

, excellent nucleophiles and can participate in hydrolysis and
condensation reactions

amphiphiles/amphipathic molecules correct answer: can be both
hydrophobic and hydrophilic

hydrophobic effect correct answer: nonpolar molecules
aggregate in an aqueous solution excl. water molecules;
tendency of water to avoid contact with non-polar molecules
(allows for macromolecular structures to form)

main driving force behind formation of macromolecular
structure/protein folding

excl. of water leads to INCREASE in entropy of water
molecules = obeys 2nd law of thermodynamics

agonist correct answer: a molecule that, by binding to a receptor
site, stimulates a response

hydrophilic acids; water correct answer: interaction of ______
with ______ helps solubilize proteins

amino acids correct answer: made up of an amino group (N-
terminus), carboxyl group (C-terminus), and an 'R' side chain

chirality correct answer: caused by asymmetric alpha carbon
centre

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