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Summary IB History Notes

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  • Course
  • IB History SL/HL
  • Institution

Comprehensive IB history notes on several topics with evaluated historiography included. From a student, who scored a high 7 in history HL. These notes will be useful for both history SL and HL students. Topics covered: Move to Global War (Japan, Italy, Germany), Authoritarian States (Mao, Stalin, ...

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Document information

  • August 28, 2023
  • 158
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • ib history
  • ib history hl
  • ib history sl
  • mao
  • stalin
  • hitler
  • ussr
  • china
  • germany
  • authoritarian states
  • move to global war
  • japanese expansion in
  • cold war
  • italian unification
  • imp
  • impe
  • imperial russia
  • ib

Written for

  • Secondary school
  • IB History SL/HL
  • 2
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Content preview

History notes
Table of contents

The move to global war

Japanese expansion in East Asia (1931–1941)
Origins of Japanese expansion 3-4

Japanese expansion 5-9

International response to Japanese expansion 9-10



German and Italian expansion (1933–1940)
Timeline 10-13

Historiography 13-14


Authoritarian states (20th century)

USSR - Stalin
Origins and rise (1924-1929) 14-16

Ideology and the nature of state 16-17

Establishment and consolidation of Stalin’s rule 17-21

Domestic policies and their impact 21-27

Foreign policy 27-30

Historiography 30-33



Germany - Hitler

Origins and rise (1918-1933) 33-37

Ideology and the nature of the state 37-38

Establishment and consolidation of Nazi rule 38-42

Domestic policies and their impact 42-50

Historiography 50-52



China - Mao
Origins and rise (1894-1949) 52-56

Ideology and the nature of the state 56-57

Establishment and consolidation of Mao’s rule 57-61

Domestic policies and their impact 61-65

Foreign policy 65-67




History notes 1

, Historiography 67-70



The Cold War: Superpower tensions and rivalries (20th century)
Emergence of Cold War 70-73

Cold War and Asia 74-81

Development of Cold War 81-87

Technology race 87

International scene 88-91

End of Cold War 92-96

Historiography 96-101

HL option 4: History of Europe

Italy (1815–1871) and Germany (1815–1890)

Italy
Italy before 1815 101

Rebellions 101-104

Risorgimento 104-106

Italy after 1861 106-108

Historiography 108-110



Germany
Germany before 1815 110-111

Germany before Bismarck 111-114

Unification - Bismarck 114-117

Germany under Bismarck 117-120

Historiography 121-123



Imperial Russia, revolution and the establishment of the Soviet Union (1855–
1924)

Alexander II (1855-1881) 123-129

Policies of Alexander III (1881-94) and Nicholas II (1895-1917) 129-136

The 1905 Russian Revolution: Causes and Aftermath 136-143

The February and October 1917 Russian Revolutions 143-148

Lenin’s Russia (1917-24) 148-155

Historiography 155-158




History notes 2

, — THE MOVE TO GLOBAL WAR —

JAPANESE EXPANSION IN EAST ASIA (1931-1941)

Origins of Japanese expansion
Factors contributing to militarism

Determination to transform Japan into a Western-style power

Japan’s belief in its destiny as the leader of Asia

The need to obtain raw materials and to secure markets in East Asia

The need for strategic security

The actions of the Western powers

Growing popular support for militarism and expansionism within Japan

Events

Japan was isolated until the 2nd half of the 19th century

China was humiliated in Opium Wars (1840-42) → Japan was intimidated by West

1853: American ships arrived to Japan

1854: Treaty of Kanagawa

Political power returned to the emperor

Government modernized most sectors of Japan

Dismantled the feudal system

Limited form of democracy

Strengthened the military

1894-95: Sino-Japanese War

Fought over influence in Korea

Victory → established Japan as the world power

1904-05: Russo-Japanese War

Fought over Manchuria and Korea

Manchuria’s importance to Japan

Closest part of China to Japan

Rich in resources

Big → lots of space for growing Japanese population

A buffer against Russia

Victory

Gave control over Korea, much of South Manchuria, other territories

Earned respect of the West and other Asian countries




History notes 3

, 1914-18: WW1

Japan seized German military bases in Shandong

Occupied Germany’s South Pacific possessions

Supplied goods to the allies → used the war economically

1915: ‘Twenty-One Demands’

Japan issued to China

Required China to agree to Japanese remaining in Shandong and grant extra privileges in Manchuria

1919: Treaty of Versailles

Got the mandate to control former German Pacific islands and German economic privileges in
Shandong

Solidified Japan as an economic power in Asia

Became the main naval power in the Western Pacific

1921-22: The Washington Treaty System → Japan’s policy changed to internationalism

Four-Power Treaty

Japan, UK, USA, France

The four powers would confer if anything happened in the Pacific

Five-Power Naval Treaty

Japan, UK, USA, France, Italy

Limited the tonnage of the navies of these five powers

Nine-Power Treaty

Japan, UK, USA, France, Italy, Netherlands, Belgium, Portugal, China

The countries were to respect China’s interdependence and abide by ‘open door’ principles

1920s

Further reforms - democratization

By 1925: all men of age could vote

The PM was selected from of the two ruling parties of the Diet

Problems

Fragile democracy - corruption, distrust, fear of left-wing radicalism, political oppression

Opposition to internationalism and growing military influence on foreign policy

A growing economic crisis - the Great Depression, post-war stagnation, government favoring big
businesses

1926: new emperor

Return to militarism and nationalism




History notes 4

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