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Book review Chemistry McGraw-Hill Ryerson Chemistry 12
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Grade 12 Chemistry - Equilibrium Textbook Answers
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Types of Chemical BondingIonic bonding involves the transfer of electrons and is
usually observed when a metal bonds to a nonmetal.
Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons and is
usually observed when a nonmetal bonds to a nonmetal.
Metallic bonding involves electron pooling and occurs
when a metal bonds to another metal.
©2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
8-1
, Figure 8.24 Electronegativity and atomic size.
8-2 ©2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
, Electronegativity and Oxidation Number
Electronegativities can be used to assign oxidation numbers:
• The more electronegative atom is assigned all the
shared electrons.
• The less electronegative atom is assigned none of the
shared electrons.
• Each atom in a bond is assigned all of its unshared
electrons.
• O.N. = # of valence e- (# of shared e- + # of unshared e-)
©2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
8-3
, Example:
Cl is more electronegative than H, so for Cl:
valence e- = 7
shared e- =2
unshared e- = 6
O.N. = 7 – (2 + 6) = -1
H is less electronegative than Cl, so for H:
valence e- = 1
shared e- = 0 (all shared e- assigned to Cl)
unshared e- = 0
O.N. = 1 – (0 + 0) = +1
©2013 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
8-4
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