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Summary Aqueous Solutions
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The documents consist of various topics taught in college chemistry 101, also known as chemistry of solutions such as atomic structure, chemical bonding, various chemical reactions, stoichiometry, combustion, chemical equilibrium, acids and bases, redox reactions, orbitals, isotopes, precipitation ...

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  • August 31, 2023
  • 7
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

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QUTOUS SON -105
SOLUTION Homogenous mixture made
up of two ( or more )
substances




SOLVENT major substance (present in amount)
greater
.




-

solvents dissolve minorsubstances

usually water
'




SOLUTE -
minor substance in solution and is dissolved in the

solvent
•

solutes can be solids , liquid or
gases



MOLARITY •
concentration expressed in moles




MASS PERCENT •

mass of the solute divided by the mass of the

solution ✗ 100-1 .




Grams of solute
100 Moles of
Molarity (M)
solute
Mass % =
of solution
✗
grams
. =

litres of solution
#
(solvent + solute)
-




Can be used to describe composition of solution

, Versatile Solvent: Water
Water : polar molecule that dissolve of polar
can a
range
substances


It can also
☒¥B *

Dissolves tonic compounds *••µ* "
:*
such dissolve non ionic
NaCl
*%*••B••
surrounding
•
as
by the ions • •• compounds as
long
-




in solution zoo
'•%*%É%9 €0Bn' as their polar


=-
# layer
- oil

water and NONPOLAR :
doesn't dissolve non polar nonpolar )
☒
-

water layer
substances that are dissimilar in polarity do not mix well cpoiar)

↳ ionic solutes
polar solvents dissolve → polar and

]
-




nonpolar -
dissolve → nonpolar solutes
is similarity in polarity do not mix well




Electrical Conductivity And Solutions :
pure water doesn't conduct

electricity
a solution of sodium chloride in which moving ions are
and
present allows the current to pass
through it can
light bulbs
→ electrical conductivity is useful property characterizing a solution




STRONG ELECTROLYTES WEAK ELECTROLYTES NON ELECTROLY -1=5
Few tons tons
-




Many tons No
-
-




1-

☒ • 00
.


• •
*
qq.ge •
Go •
☒
⑥
•
80 Ago .


tea

↳ soluble ionic compounds
are the BEST electrolytes

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