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Chapter 11 - Urban Environments Summary
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A detailed summary of the IB geography option of Urban Environments, including case studies and descriptions.
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Chapter 11: Urban Environments§ Urbanization promotes efficiency through economies of scale and
concentration of the workforce
§ The future survival of cities depends on sustainable management of
resources, the minimization of waste and the eradication of social
inequality
Brownfield Site: abandoned or underused industrial buildings and land, which
may be contaminated but have potential for redevelopment
Counter-Urbanization: a process involving the movement of population away
from inner urban areas to a new town, new estate, commuter town or village on
the edge of the city limits or rural-urban fringe
Re-urbanization: the development of activities to increase residential
population densities within the existing built-up area of a city. This may involve
the redevelopment of vacant land and the refurbishment of housing and the
development of new business enterprises
Suburb: a residential area within or just outside the boundaries of the city
Suburbanization: the outward growth of towns and cities to engulf surrounding
villages and rural areas. This may result fro the out-migration of population from
inner urban areas to the suburbs, or from inward rural-urban movement
Sustainable Urban Management Strategy: an approach to urban management
that seeks to maintain and improve the quality of life for current and future
urban dwellers. Aspects of management may be social (housing, quality, crime),
economic (job, incomes) and environmental (air, water, land, and resources)
Urbanization: the process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s
population comes to live in towns and cities. It may involve both rural-urban
migration and natural increase. An increase in proportion of a population living in
towns and cities within a country or region
Urban Sprawl: the unplanned and uncontrolled physical expansion of an urban
area into the surrounding countryside. Closely linked to the process of
suburbanization
Urban Growth: an increase in the absolute number of people living in urban
areas
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