Class notes
Intelligence Revolutions Lecture Notes (Lectures 1-7) - GRADE 7,5
- Course
- Institution
Notes on the lectures from the course (2023) Intelligence Revolutions. INCLUDES notes from lectures 1-7 (Total: 27 pages).
[Show more]
1 review
By: bentekamp • 6 months ago
By: giacomoef • 6 months ago
Thank you for the positive review! Good luck studying :)
Seller
Follow
giacomoef
Reviews received
Content preview
Notes on the lectures from the course (2023) Intelligence Revolutions. INCLUDES notes from lectures1-7 (Total: 27 pages).
Intelligence Revolutions Lecture Notes (Lectures 1-7)
Table of Contents
Lecture 1: From Gatherers to Hunters (Unrestricted Warfare After 9/11) 1
Lecture 2: Spy-Tech Cyber-Espionage & Cyber Sabotage 6
Lecture 3: Torture & Assassination as Counterterrorism Tactics 8
Lecture 4: Intelligence, Surveillance & Privacy in a Digital Age 15
Lecture 6: The Privatisation of Intelligence 19
Lecture 7: Artificial Intelligence & the Future of Intelligence Agencies 22
, 1
Lecture 1: From Gatherers to Hunters (Unrestricted Warfare After 9/11)
Intelligence Revolutions
9/11 helped shift intelligence → tactical intelligence, the convergence of military techniques &
counterterrorism.
What is an “Intelligence Revolution”?
● Cyber Revolutions (Kello): Defined in terms of systemic disruption, systemic revision &
systems change.
● Intelligence Revolution (Gioe, Goodman & Stevens): Consists of 3 specific features:
1. Rapid change in nature & practice of intelligence work.
2. Nature of change would be systematically disruptive.
3. Reordering of global intelligence capabilities.
Why study “Intelligence Revolutions”/change?
● Continuity vs. change = understanding the universal fundamentals & shifting identities of
intelligence (original/contemporary purposes, cultures).
● Ethical conundrums & societal impact of major “revolutions”.
● Understanding the overlap & impact of technological revolution/change on intelligence.
Before & After 9/11: What changed about intelligence?
How has intel changed since 9/11?
● Greater overlap between foreign & domestic (e.g., Internet).
● The Patriot Act granted intelligence agencies a lot more power.
● Gatherers to hunters → blurred line between analysts/operations.
● State to non-state → focus on non-state actors.
● Post-Westphalian world → global intelligence networks, intervention in domestic affairs &
violation of sovereignty.
● Cyberspace & bulk dataveillance.
● Shift away from sovietology → counter-terrorism & the Middle East.
● Intelligence sharing & expertise between countries.
● Secrecy → public relations & the disclosure of intelligence as a form of international
signalling/global embarrassment.
● Denial to deception → more open operations revolving around misinformation rather than
plausible deniability.
“Before 9/11 and after 9/11: it is as if the history and future of international relations were disappeared by
this temporal rift. Old rules of statecraft, diplomacy and warfare have been thrown out by terrorist and
anti-terrorist alike [...].” (Der Derian, In Terrorem: Before and After 9/11).
A History of CIA Covert Action in Cold War As Prehistory to War on Terror?
, 2
Covert Action (1994 National Security
Act): US Government’s activities to
influence foreign political, economic,
or military conditions, where its role
will NOT be acknowledged publicly
(i.e., plausible deniability, political
action, propaganda/psychological
warfare, military assistance,
paramilitary operations, coups).
➔ Timeline:
◆ “Golden Age” of CIA covert action (1950s/60s) = under DCI Allen Dulles’
leadership, the CIA:
● Instigated coups (e.g., Iran, Guatemala).
● Sponsored operations in Indonesia.
● Plotted (although never succeeded in carrying out) numerous
assassination attempts against Fidel Castro & Patrice Lumumba.
◆ CIA pushback following the 1961 Bay of Pigs.
◆ 1975 scandal/congressional enquiry = 2 congressional enquiries & 1 Presidential
commission investigating the CIA’s activities (e.g., Senate Church Commission, led
by Senator Church).
◆ President Ford’s Executive Order 11905 imposes new oversight on the intelligence
community & outlaws assassination.
◆ Less covert action = President Carter appoints Admiral Stansfield Turner as DCI to
clean up the CIA’s image.
◆ New President Reagan (with future DCI, William Casey) = promised to “unleash”
the CIA with increased covert action in Latin America & Afghanistan.
◆ Scandal & decreased covert action = Oliver North testifies at Iran-Contra hearings.
◆ 9/11 = event increased covert action that was followed by scandals/inquiries (e.g.,
Guantanamo Bay).
◆ New President Trump = provides more powers to launch cyber covert ops via 2020
Presidential findings. Leads to a new age of aggressive cyber ops against China &
Iran. Assassination remains a key tool of US foreign policy.
Why do states engage in covert action?
● It is a nimble, flexible & cheap force multiplier (Cormac).
● It removes the military chain of command (e.g., the CIA reports directly to the President).
● It avoids media scrutiny (e.g., unlike Vietnam).
● As a pressure valve, providing options short of war.
Disaster in the Desert: Eagle Claw and the Rise of JSOC
Operation Eagle Claw (1980): Disastrous attempt by Delta Force (authorised by President Carter) to
rescue US hostages in Iran.
➔ Historical Significance:
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller giacomoef. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$13.55. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
73918 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now
Recently viewed by you
