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BIOL 1P91 Chapter 6 exam 2023/2024
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BIOL 1P91 Chapter 6 All Questions and Answers 2023 What is a chemical reaction? Correct Answer process that changes one or more substances are changed into other substances What is metabolism? Correct Answer A sum of all the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to ma...

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  • October 21, 2023
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  • 2023/2024
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BIOL 1P91 Chapter 6 All Questions and
Answers 2023
What is a chemical reaction? Correct Answer process that changes one or more
substances are changed into other substances

What is metabolism? Correct Answer A sum of all the chemical processes that
occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

What are the 2 types of energy? Correct Answer - Kinetic energy (associated with
movement)
- Potential energy (due to structure or location)

Chemical potential energy is a form of what type of energy? Correct Answer
Potential energy

What is thermodynamics? Correct Answer the study of energy transformations

What is the first law of thermodynamics? Correct Answer energy cannot be
created or destroyed, only transformed

What is the second law of thermodynamics? Correct Answer Every energy
transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorderness) of a system.

Energy transformations involve an increase in what? Correct Answer Entropy

What is Gibbs free energy? Correct Answer energy available to do work

What are the chemical symbols for enthalpy, entropy, free energy, and absolute
temperature in Kelvin (K)? Correct Answer Enthalpy = H
Entropy = S
Free energy = G
Temperature = T

Spontaneous reactions are what? Correct Answer - Reactions that occur without
the input of additional energy
- Not always fast, can be slow
- If the free energy change (ΔG) is negative, the reaction is exergonic and
spontaneous

What is an exergonic reaction? Correct Answer A spontaneous reaction that
releases energy, occurs when ΔG is negative

What is an endergonic reaction? Correct Answer A nonspontaneous reaction that
absorbs energy, occurs when ΔG is positive

, When can an endergonic reaction can be performed with an exergonic reaction,
such as when cells use ATP hydrolysis to make glucose-6-phosphate? Correct
Answer When the net free energy change (ΔG) is negative

What are enzymes? Correct Answer protein catalysts in living cells

What are Ribozymes? Correct Answer RNA molecules that function as enzymes

What is activation energy? Correct Answer initial input of energy required to start a
reaction, can be lowered with enzymes

How do enzymes lower activation energy? Correct Answer By straining bonds in
reactants so they break apart easier, and by positioning reactants together to
facilitate bonding

What is the active site of an enzyme? Correct Answer the place on the enzyme
where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place

What are substrates? Correct Answer the reactants of enzyme-catalyzed
reactions that bind to the active site

What is an enzyme-substrate complex? Correct Answer when the enzyme binds
to its substrate

What is the lock and key theory? Correct Answer A substrate is specific to one
enzyme because of the specific shape of its active site (like a key fitting a lock)
Only the right substrate will fit into an enzyme.

What is the induced fit model? Correct Answer the active site molds around the
substrate to form the enzyme-substrate complex.

What is Affinity in enzyme reactions? Correct Answer Degree of attraction
between an enzyme and its substrate

What is the Saturation in enzyme reactions? Correct Answer Plateau where nearly
all active sites are occupied by substrate

What is the Michaelis constant? Correct Answer Km, or the substrate
concentration where half of the Vmax is observed. Therefore Km=Vmax/2. The lower
the Km, the higher the affinity the enzyme has for the substrate.

What are the 3 types of Inhibition? Correct Answer competitive, noncompetitive,
irreversible

What is competitive inhibition? Correct Answer An inhibitor competes with the
substrate for binding to the active site.
Km increases as more substrate is needed

What is noncompetitive inhibition? Correct Answer inhibitor binds at a site different
from substrate.

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