HCA Exam| 115 Questions | With Complete Solutions

Who should you call in case of abuse? correct answer: DSHS 1-866-END-HARM, 911, APS, ALTC, DDA, CPS, and case manager What are some rights for consumers? correct answer: Right to be free from abuse, to make choices, to privacy, and confidentiality What are the steps of the problem solving process? correct answer: Explain, offer alternatives, report and document What reasons should you call 911? correct answer: Bloods, guts and gore What are the forms of abuse? correct answer: Physical, sexual, mental, neglect, abandonment, and financial exploitation. When is it mandatory to report? correct answer: When signs of abuse are present When report abuse, what should you include? correct answer: Name, address, age, what type of abuse, time of abuse, abuser, and personal info. What is self neglect? correct answer: Refusing goods or service that improve physical and mental health, well-being, and safety Who should you report to when there is signs of self neglect? correct answer: Case manager What is a restraint? correct answer: A device or action that limits consumers against their will An HCAS role is... correct answer: To assist in maintaining safety, independence, and dignity What is the purpose of the care team? correct answer: Provides care and support the well being and needs of a consumer What is a baseline? correct answer: The client's "normal" level of function How should you observe changes? correct answer: Compare to baseline, make regular observations, and use your senses What is the care plan? correct answer: Outlines the care team, identifies baseline, and gives activities to support comsumer. What are Activities of daily living correct answer: Activities including the body What are instrumental activities of daily living? correct answer: Activities that are outside of the body exp. Meal prep What are four components for good communication? correct answer: Pay attention, understand, respond, and clarify What is objective reporting? correct answer: Documenting facts or words exactly as you observe them What is subjective reporting? correct answer: Documenting your opinion or interpretation as you observe them When there is distractions in communication, what should you do? correct answer: Understand the distraction, be respectful and use respectful body language. In what way might a client Express pain non verbally? correct answer: Moaning, crying, clenching fists, or grinding teeth In what way might a client Express confusion non verbally? correct answer: Give answers that dont make sense, ask the same question, using wrong name, and not remembering correct words. What are four situations where you should problem solve? correct answer: A poor choice, refuse care, safety hazard concern, and asked to do something not in the care plan. What is infection control? correct answer: Stopping germs from spreading and causing infection. What is a pathogen? correct answer: Any germ that causes disease What are immunizations? correct answer: Vaccinations or injections that protect against specific diseases. What are the main immunizations? correct answer: MMR and V. Measles, mumps, rubella and varicella. What Are four ways germs come into contact with a consumer? correct answer: Direct contact, indirect contact, airborne, and droplet. What can weaken a clients immune system, making them prone to infection? correct answer: Poor nutrition, fatigue, dehydration, stress, disease, medication, thinning skin, and poor hygiene . What are some signs and symptoms of localized infection? correct answer: Oozing, swelling, redness, pain , and or heat coming from a wound. What are some signs and symptoms of systemic infection? correct answer: Fever, chills, weakness, sweating, nausea, headache, thirst, and confusion What are the 11 bodily fluids? correct answer: Ear wax, tears, mucus, saliva, sweat, blood, feces, urine, semen, menstrual fluid, and breast milk. What are 6 standard precautions when dealing with infection? correct answer: Handwashing, using PPE, disinfecting, immunizations, properly removing waste, and sharps disposal. How should you treat bodily fluids? correct answer: as if they are infectious. When using gloves, you should... correct answer: Check gloves for size and holes What are the approved disinfecting solutions? correct answer: 1 tsp bleach per gallon of water or one part vinegar to three parts water. When doing laundry you should... correct answer: Use gloves, put items in leak proof container, keep away from clothing, wash with detergent, keep clean, and wash hands. What are blood borne pathogens? correct answer: Disease causing germs that spread through contact with blood What are some high risk behaviors? correct answer: Unprotected sex, sharing needles, using unclean needles What should you do when exposed to pathogens through the eyes? correct answer: Rinse with clean water for five mins and get medical attention. What to do when exposed to pathogens through a bite? correct answer: Wash exposed skin, cover with sterile dressing, and get medical attention What to do when exposed to pathogens through the mouth? correct answer: Spit out, rinse mouth with 50/50 mix of hydrogen peroxide and water, rinse with water, and get medical attention What should you do if you are exposed to pathogens through a puncture wound? correct answer: Wash area and get medical attention What is hep B? correct answer: A viral infection if the liver What is hep C? correct answer: A viral infection of the liver that causes inflammation and scarring of the liver. What are signs and symptoms of hep B&C? correct answer: Fatigue, fever, jaundice, nausea, dark urine, and abdominal pain. What is HIV? correct answer: A disease that attacks the immune system, preventing the body from fighting infection. HIV cause aids. What is AIDS? correct answer: A disease that attacks the immune system preventing the body from fighting infection. What does HIV and AIDS do to T cells? correct answer: Causes T cell to mutate and destroy immune system, if T cell count is below 200 it is AIDS. How long does HIV stay in the body? correct answer: Lifetime What three things must happen to be exposed to HIV? correct answer: HIV sources, sufficient dose of virus, and there must be access to the blood stream. What is a symptom of HIV? correct answer: Night sweats What is an opportunistic disease? correct answer: Disease that can attack the body due to a weakened immune system. What are three opportunistic diseases? correct answer: Pneumonia (lung infection), Kaposi sarcoma(skin cancer) and candidiasis (yeast infection/thrush) Can you discuss a consumers HIV/Aids diagnosis with the care team? correct answer: No What are some losses a person with HIV may experience? correct answer: Income, life, rejection by family, emotional support, self esteem, and prospect of painful death. When must health care providers report HIV cases? correct answer: Within 3 working days of diagnosis What are the ten body systems? . correct answer: Circulatory, respiratory, musculoskeletal, integumentary, digestive, urinary, reproductive, endocrine, and immune What are symptoms of illness in older adults? correct answer: Sudden confusion, urinary changes, changes in appetite, not performing ADLs, change in mobility, changes in sleep, memory loss, and infection. What is proper body mechanics? correct answer: A way of lifting to prevent injury. Proper body alignment is... correct answer: Correct positioning of the body of the body in a straight line What are 6 parts of good posture? correct answer: Head up, spine straight, butt in, tighten stomach muscles, chest up and shoulders back. What are the five principles of body mechanics? correct answer: Plan lift, wide base of support, lift with legs, turn whole body, and stay close to object you are moving. What is ambulation? correct answer: The process of walking or moving about How does loss of mobility effect consumers? correct answer: Losing mobility can make consumers feel helpless, depressed, and anxious about their lack of independence How can decreased mobility negatively impact consumers? correct answer: Short of breath, depression and skin break down What are things that can affect a consumers mobility? correct answer: Amputations, emotional status, medication, and loss of hearing/vision. When assisting a consumer upstairs? correct answer: Step with strong side first, stand behind them, and use handrails How to assist a consumer downstairs? correct answer: Stand in front or side of consumer and step with affected leg first. When using braces: correct answer: Brace should be custom, consumer may need padding, schedule for use and rest, and monitor for skin breakdown. When using canes: correct answer: Cane on unaffected side, cane goes first then affected then unaffected, stand on affected side. When using walkers: correct answer: Their are different styles that breakdown differently, may have rubber feet/ wheels When using wheelchairs: correct answer: Lock brakes enter or leave, objects may obstruct path, move carefully on ramps, use hands to push up from wheelchair. When using transfer belts: correct answer: Put belt on clothing, make sure it is not too tight, no breasts under belt. When transferring, you should not... correct answer: Have a clients arms around your neck, feel pain in lower back, lift a consumer who cannot assist with transfer without equipment. What are some risks for falling? correct answer: Vision/hearing problems, impaired balance, weakness, alcohol or drugs, seizures, meds, poor nutrition, poor foot wear, and clutter What should you do when a consumer is falling? correct answer: Do not stop fall, try to support consumers head and ease them to the floor, use proper body mechanics, and let consumer slid down your body. What should you do after a consumer has fallen? correct answer: If injured call 911, make them comfortable, do not give them water, do not move them, report the fall. What is normal bladder function? correct answer: Emptying bladder every 3-4 hours and up once a night. What are signs of bladder disfunction? correct answer: Pain during urination, peeing more than 8 times a day, and sudden strong urge to use restroom. What is stress incontinence? correct answer: Loss of urine when laughing or coughing What are common causes of bladder disfunction? correct answer: Urinary infection, meds, weak bladder, overactive bladder, diseases, spinal cord injury, surgery, dystrophy, polio, or stroke. What are some signs and symptoms of UTI? correct answer: Confusion, strong urges but little yield, pain, urine that is milky or red, odor, bladder spasms, fever, chills, sweating, or no symptoms. What is normal bowel function? correct answer: 1-3 times per day, no urgency, minimal effort, do not need laxatives. What are signs of bowel disfunction? correct answer: Straining, cramps, constipation, diarrhea, need for laxatives. What is a Foley catheter? correct answer: A straight tube with balloon at the tip, attached to drainage bag. It can be left in place for 1 to 2 weeks What is a colostomy? correct answer: A bag that covers a hole in the stomach to collect stool from bowels When a consumer has a catheter, where should the bag be? correct answer: Lower than the bladder What is gingivitis? correct answer: Occurs when plaque is not removed from teeth each day, irritating the gums How often should you brush and floss? correct answer: Brush twice a day, floss once a day When assisting with oral care you should... correct answer: Use gloves, use short circular movements, use a soft bristled brush, do not touch bristles to surfaces, make handle bigger. How does the skin change with age? correct answer: Becomes drier and thinner, loss of fat layer below skin, sweat glands lose ability to cool skin and loss of feeling of pain or heat. The skin protects... correct answer: Internal organs, controls body temp, holds bodily fluids. What are symptoms of skin break down? correct answer: Dryness, fluid draining, change in moisture, changes in appearance of sores, break in skin, odor, or pain. Burns are classified as: correct answer: First degree(red skin) second degree(blisters, pain, intense redness, and swelling), and third degree ( involves all layers of skin) What do you do if you see skin breakdown? correct answer: Reposition until skin returns to baseline, report, do not massage, and do not use heat lamp or lotions that could dry the skin further. How often should you reposition? correct answer: Bed bound is every 2 hours and chair bound every hour. Shifting weight every 15 mins for 15 seconds. What are some steps to maintain healthy skin? correct answer: Clean skin using warm water, keep skin dry, gently apply lotions to prevent dryness, encourage good nutrition, mobility and assist with repositioning. What are the 5 basic body positions? correct answer: Supine(spine), prone(stomach), fowler(semi sit), and SIMS(lying on left side) What is the importance of bathing? correct answer: Promotes well being, cleans skin, and stimulates circulation While bathing it is important to support... correct answer: Level of ability, privacy, dignity, comfort, and safety When is it not safe to cut nails? correct answer: Diabetes, circulatory problems, heals slowly, prone to infection. What are basic nutrition guidelines? correct answer: Decrease sat. Fats, salt, and empty calories and increase fiber How much fat should be consumed per day? correct answer: 30% of total calories and only 10% should be sat. Fats How is sodium important? correct answer: Helps maintain body's water, blood pressure, and prevents dehydration How much sodium should be comsumed correct answer: Between 1500 mg and 2300mg How much fiber should be consumed per day? correct answer: 20- 35 grams and 5 servings fruit and veggies What is dysphagia? correct answer: difficulty swallowing What are common germs causing food borne illness? correct answer: Hep A, e coli, stomach virus, and salmonella What is a PRN? correct answer: Meds taken as needed What are the five rights? correct answer: MCART, right meds, right consumer, right amount, right route, and right time What are advanced directives? correct answer: DNR, living will, POA/DPOA and POLST