100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Book Notes- Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences CA$36.74   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Lynn University
  4.  
  5. PSY 540

Other

Book Notes- Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences
 12 views  2 purchases
  • Course
  • PSY 540
  • Institution
  • Lynn University
  • Book
  • Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences

Book Notes- Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences contains notes from most of the book, Chapters 1-9. 12, 13, 15,16. The book covers research methods on a deeper level than a normal book. The notes are for a graduate-level course but can easily be applied to any research class for the social...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 107  pages

Document information

  • October 29, 2023
  • 107
  • 2023/2024
  • Other
  • Unknown

Subjects

  • chapter notes
  • advanced research methods
  • research
  • research methods
  • psychology research
  • research psychology
  • research methods for the behavioral sciences

Connected book

book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:

More summaries for

  • Test Bank for Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences, 6th Edition (2024) by Gravetter
  • Test Bank for Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences, 6th Edition (2024) by Gravetter Comprehensive Resource
  • Research Method for Behavioral sciences,6 the edition. Gravetter. Chapter 1 Question Bank
All for this textbook (5)

Written for

  • Lynn University
  • PSY 540
All documents for this subject (1)

Seller

avatar-seller
swcb

Content preview

Chapter 1: introduction, acquiring knowledge and the
scientific method

Section 1 methods of Knowing and acquiring knowledge
● 2 methods to acquire information
○ Non-scientific approach
■ Tenacity
■ Intuition
■ Authority
■ Rational Method
■ Empiricism
○ Scientific method
● Tenacity- True cause always believed to be, or superstition supports it
○ Limits: potential inaccuracy, no method for correcting erroneous ideas (wrong
ideas)
● Intuition- accepted based on a hunch or feeling
○ Limits: No methods separating right and wrong knowledge
● Authority/ method of faith- Info and answers come from experts
○ Limits: not always accurate; not all “experts” are experts
○ A good place to start with research
● Rational method: Logical reasoning
○ Limits: only valid if original statements are true; people are not good with logic
● Empirical- observation or personal experience
○ Limits: observations are often misinterpreted, experiences swayed by beliefs,
time-consuming, and can be dangerous



Method Find Answer

Tenacity Habit/superstition

Intuition Hunch/feeling

Authority Experts

Rationalism Reasoning/ Logic

Empiricism Observation

,Book Notes
Premis Statements- facts or assumptions that are known (or assumed) to be true
Argument- a set of premise statements that are logically combined to yield a conclusion
Vertical-horizontal illusion- an example of how direct sensory experience can deceive us (people
interpret things differently)



Section 2 Scientific Method
● Scientific Method- Acquire knowledge using observation, hypothesis, and testing
○ Steps
■ Observation
■ Develop hypothesis
■ Make predictions
■ Evaluate predictions by testing/ observing
■ Support, refute, and refine the original hypothesis
● Inductive and deductive reasoning
○ Induction- specific observation basis for forming a general statement for larger
populations
■ Induction = increase
○ Deduction- General statement basis for reaching a conclusion about specific
examples
■ Deduction = decrease
● Variables and hypothesis
○ Variable- Characteristics or conditions that change or have different values
○ Hypothesis- Statement that describes or explains a relationship between
variables
● 3 important principles of science
○ Empirical, public, objective
■ Empirical- structured or systematic observations that clearly support or
refute a hypothesis
■ Public- Observations are evaluated by others
■ Objective- cannot be biased
● Process of scientific inquiry
○ Observation
○ Hypothesis
○ Prediction
○ Planned observations
○ New hypothesis
● Science vs. pseudoscience
○ Science- careful, systematic, and objective observations
○ Pseudoscience- lacks key components to scientific research

,Book Notes
Hypothesis and prediction (rational method) -> observations (empirical method)

The process is circular, not linear (spiral)

Science Vs Pseudoscience
1. Science has testable and refutable hypotheses. pseudoscience discounts it
2. Science is objective and unbias evaluations. Pseudoscience subjected evidence
3. Science tests and challenges theories. Pseudoscience sees it as a personal attack.
4. Science is grounded in past science. Pseudoscience creates new not related to
established information.




Section 3 Research process
● Qualitative and quantitative research
○ Quantitative- numbers/scores
○ Qualitative- observations
● Research Process steps
○ Research idea
○ Form hypothesis
○ Determine definitions and measures
○ Identify subjects
○ Research strategy
○ Research design
○ Conduct the study
○ Evaluate data
○ Report results
○ Refine or reformulate the idea
● Participants- humans
● Subjects- non-human




Chapter 2: Research Ideas and Hypothesis

Section 1: Getting Started
● First steps of the research process
○ Find idea
■ Identify general topics of interest

, ■ Explore previous research
○ Form hypothesis
● Common sources (possible)
○ Personal interests and curiosity
○ Observation
○ Reports
○ Practical problems or questions
○ Behavioral theories

Book Notes
● Applied Research- answer practical questions or solve practical problems
● Basic Research- theoretical or knowledge for knowledge sake
● Personal interests- a topic you want to learn about
● Observation- behaviors you witness in others
● Reports- seen online or news about topics
● Practical problem- comes from daily life
● Behavioral theories- testing as part of a theory




Section 2: the Search
● Literature: mass of published info worldwide
● Tips for literature review
○ Do your homework: collect background
■ Read enough to get a grasp of the information
○ Keep mind open
■ Begin general, let reading refine
○ Focus
● Primary and secondary sources
○ Primary Source- First-hand reports in which authors describe their observations
■ Examples: Empirical journal articles
○ Secondary Source- Second-hand reports
■ Examples: Textbooks
● Purpose of literature study
○ Gain familiarity with the topic
○ Gain basis for topic
○ Identify gaps in research
● Conduct literature search
○ Narrow the idea to a specific question
○ Start with secondary sources
○ Make a note of the subject words
■ These words identify and describe variables in the study and describe
participants.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller swcb. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$36.74. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

81989 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$36.74  2x  sold
  • (0)
  Add to cart