100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
Modules 1-4 Lecture Notes for Midterm 1 of NURS 120 CA$22.27
Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. University Of Saskatchewan (USask )
  4.  
  5. Nursing

Class notes

Modules 1-4 Lecture Notes for Midterm 1 of NURS 120
 19 views  0 purchase

Lecture notes for modules one and four of Nursing 120. This includes the skeletal system, tissues, organ systems, cell organization, and organization of the human body.

Preview 4 out of 50  pages

Document information

  • November 2, 2023
  • 50
  • 2023/2024
  • Class notes
  • Carol ann bullin
  • All classes

Subjects

Written for

Seller

avatar-seller
ellabogan

Content preview

Nursing 120
Module 1 – organiza4on of the human body
Learning objec-ves
1. Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
2. Describe the scien-fic process.
3. Describe the levels of organiza-on in the body.
4. Define the term anatomical posi-on.
5. Describe anatomical direc-ons and planes (sec-ons) of the body and the rela-onship of body parts to one
another.
6. Iden-fy the major body cavi-es and their subdivisions.
7. Describe the contrast the two major components of the body.
8. Describe how body func-ons are balanced through homeostasis and feedback control.
Key terms
• Scien-fic method
• Levels of organiza-on
• Anatomical posi-on
• Anatomical direc-ons
• Planes of the body
• Body cavi-es
• Body regions
• Balance of body func-ons
lecture one
details about the course
• First two modules will be about func-ons and medical terminology.
o Will provide a brief overview of cells, -ssues, and organ systems.
• Module 3 – 13 will be looking at anatomy in a systema-c approach.
o So, we can see how each system works and integrates with the other systems in the body.
• Learning objec-ves iden-fies the content in the module.
• Lectures will supplement the textbook.
o There are several learning ac-vi-es for each module, there are op-onal, but they are useful.
o It is an overview of the readings.
• Medical terminology is key for this course, repeat it
What is anatomy?
• Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body.
o Anatomy defini-on: the study of the structure of an organism and the rela-onships of its parts.
o Anatomist defini-on: professional engaged in the study of the structure of an organism and the rela-onships of
its parts.
• You are looking at structures.
• Structures need to work in a certain way so that the body can work.
What is physiology?
• Physiology is the study of the func-on.
o Goes into more depth.
o Arm -> what is its func-on.
o Trying to find the basic func-on.
Structure and func-on = homeostasis
• Homeostasis is a balance of the body.
o So the body systems can work together
o When you have a problem, it is because there is a disrup-on in homeostasis,
Scien5fic method
• Looking at something with a systema-c approach

, • When we are looking at anatomy in this course we are learning in a systema-c approach so we can learn each
system and understand the system and how it works with they other systems
• Hypothesis
o You have an idea that you would like to test or prove.
• Experiment
o You need to conduct various tests/servays in order to prove or disprove your idea.
• Theory/law
o You are hoping to illuminate biases so that you have a good idea if it is possible.
o With the results of these finds we can create a theory or law
Levels of organiza5on
• Chemical level: Atoms and molecules
o Cells
§ Smallest living units of structure and func-on
o Tissues
§ Organiza-ons of many cells that work together to perform a common func-on.
o Organs
§ Groups of several different types of -ssues arranged to act as a unit to
perform a special func-on.
o Systems
§ Organiza-on of varying numbers of kinds of organs that work together to
perform complex func-ons.
• The body is the sum of its parts.
Anatomical Posi5on
Defini-on: the standard neutral reference posi-on for the body – used to describe




Bilateral symmetry
sites or mo-ons of various body parts; gives meaning to direc-onal terms
• Body movement, posture, or the rela-onship of one body area to another
o Bilateral symmetry
§ Symmetry means equal on both sides.
§ This will be more apparent when you start nursing and are
assessing a person.
§ If the body isn’t equal on both sides than its your job to figure out
why that is
§ Head, feet, palms, are forward.
o Supine
§ Face upwards
o Prone
§ Face downwards
• When you are describing something or essaying you should be thinking about
the anatomical posi-on
Anatomical Direc5ons
• Superior
o Either towards the head or upper
o The lungs are superior to the diaphragm.
• Inferior
o The stomach is inferior to the diaphragm.
• Anterior
o Front or in front of
o The nose is located on the anterior posi-on of the face.
• Posterior
o Back or behind of
o Shoulder blades are located posterior.
• Medial
o Towards the midline of the body

, o The big toe is medial to the midline.
• Lateral
o Towards the side of the body
o The small toe is lateral to the midline.
• Proximal
o Towards or nearest the trunk
o Nearest the point of origin
• Distal
o hand is the distal to the elbow.
o (Common when talking about injuries)
o Farther away from the point of origin
• Superficial
o Near the body surface
o Superficial burn is closest to the body surface.
• Deep
o Further away from the body surface
o Deep burn – closer to the structures inside than
near the surface of the body
Planes of the body
• Sagifal plane
o Divides body into right and leg.
o Midsagifal plane
§ Divides the body into halves.
• Frontal plane
o divides into anterior and posterior sec-ons.
• Transverse plane
o Divides structures into upper and lower parts.
• Oblique plane
o Plane that is not parallel to the frontal, transverse, sagifal planes.
Body Cavi5es
• Dorsal cavi-es
o Cranial cavity
o Spinal cavity
§ Space within the spinal cavity
o Organs of the central nervous system
• Ventral cavi-es
o Thoracic and abdominopelvic cavi-es
• defini-on: the single cavity containing the abdominal and pelvic
organs, which is subdivided into two compartments – the
abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
§ Upper thoracic cavity
• Includes the heart and trachea.
§ Lower thoracic cavity
§ Abdominal cavi-es
o Picture on the right shows the body cavi-es.
§ Looking at it in the anterior view and the lateral view
• diaphragm is the most important muscle for breathing. If you have a problem with your
diaphragm and there are neurological disabili-es than there is going to be a problem with
the func-on
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
§ Defini-on: any of the four regions formed by dividing the abdominopelvic cavity by
an imaginary cross formed by a ver-cal and horizontal line
o Right upper (or right superior) quadrant

, § Example – liver
o Right lower (or right inferior) quadrant
§ Example – appendices
o Leg upper (or leg superior) quadrant.
§ Example – stomach and spleen
o Leg lower (or leg inferior) quadrant.
§ Example – sigmoid colon
§ This is used for finding the origin of pain.
§ We can’t look into a individual abdomen
• We have to use different methods so we can understand what the pa-ent is
feeling.
Abdominopelvic Regions
o Surface area of the body related to the abdominopelvic cavity
o Upper
§ Right and leg hypochondriac regions and the epigastric region.
• Hypochondriac –
• Epigastric –
o Middle
§ Right and leg lumber and the umbilical region Overview
• Umbilical region – belly bufon of systems
o Lower
§ Right and leg iliac regions and the hypogastric region.
• Gastric – refers to the stomach.
• Hypo – means below.
Body regions
• Axial region
o Head, neck and torso or trunk
• Appendicular region
o Upper and lower extremi-es
The Balance of Body Func5ons
• Internal environment
• Feedback control
o Nega-ve feedback
o Posi-ve feedback loop
o Stabilising feedback
• Normal fluctua-ons
Feedback Control
• Feedback loop
o General control system of the body
• Nega-ve feedback
o Opposes the change in a controlled condi-on.
o Stable is homeosta-c balance which the nega-ve feedback
loop will try to oppose the change and bring your body back to
equilibrium.
o
• Posi-ve feedback
o Intensifies the change that is occurring.
o It causes a increasingly progressive events to occur un-l it is
stopped.
§ This can be good or bad.
§ It intensifies the change un-l the process is stopped.
§ A good posi-ve feedback loop is when a woman is having
a baby so that the baby can be delivered.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ellabogan. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$22.27. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

56326 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$22.27
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added