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Summary Body Systems Overview NOTES
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- Body systems overview sheet.
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Body StystemsBODY SYSTEMS:
Overview
→ Cardiovascular system. → Digestive system. → Urinary system. → Muscular system.
→ Respiratory system. → Endocrine system. → Reproductive system. → Integumentary system.
→ Nervous system. → Immune system. → Skeletal system. → Special senses.
HUMAN BODY - STRUCTURE & FUNCTION:
→ The human body is compromised of body systems that function to maintain a state of optimum health.
↳ Each system performs a set of specific functions.
↳ No system can function independently.
→ Anatomy: → The study of the structure of the human body.
→ Physiology: → The study of the function of all parts of the human body.
BALANCE:
↳ Individuals are constantly exposed to variations and changes in their physical and social environment.
→ Health: → A state of balance which is achieved when an individual succeeds in adapting to a constantly changing environment.
→ Homeostasis: → The body’s own ability to maintain a constant internal environment in the face of a changing internal / external environment.
STRUCTURAL LEVELS OF ORGANISATON:
→ Cells: → Are the smallest unit of all living things.
→ Tissues: → Are formed by groups of cells that have a similar function.
→ Organs: → Are compromised of tissues that function similarly.
→ Systems: → Are groups of organs which work together to perform a common function.
HUMAN CELL: → Centrosome
→ Nucleus
→ Cytoplasm
→ Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
→ Mitochondria
→ Golgi body
→ Rough endoplasmic reticulum → Lyosome
↳ Ribosome
TYPES OF CELLS:
→ Red blood cells: → Carries oxygen to the blood.
→ Has a disc-shape.
→ Nerve cells: → Carries messages from the brain to the body and vice versa.
→ Are long in shape -some are up to a metre long.
→ Muscle cells: → Involved in facilitating movement of the body.
→ Reproductive cells: → Sperm and ova combine to begin the process of creating a new human life.
→ White blood cells: → Immune cells; protects the body against infection.
→ Irregular shape.
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