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Disease as a connector- The Black Death summary (GES110)
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  • Course
  • GES 110 (GES110) (GES110)
  • Institution
  • University Of Pretoria (UP)

An in-depth summary of the 'Disease as a connector- The Black Death'. All the necessary information from the prescribed reader as well as lecture slide have been incorporated, thus providing you with a perfect set of notes for semester tests and exams.

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  • November 6, 2023
  • 8
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary

Subjects

  • the black death

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  • University of Pretoria (UP)
  • GES 110 (GES110) (GES110)
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GES 110

Disease as a connector-The Black Death
● The nursery rhyme “Ring Around The Rosie”:

○ First published in 1881 but there is speculation that it was sung as early as

1500 – referring to the Black Death of 1348/1349 to 1352.

○ Other scholars argue that it refers more specifically to another outbreak

of plague in 1665.

○ The song describes:

■ A rosy red rash in the shape of a ring on the skin

■ The pouches of posies (filled with sweet smelling herbs that were

carried to ward off the evil smell)

■ The ashes refer to the cremation of plague victims.

● Replacing ashes with a-tishoo in later versions is believed to

refer to sneezing, which was another plague symptom.

● The Black Death/The Bubonic plague, is often referred to as Europe’s ‘greatest

ecological disaster’, or the greatest biomedical disaster in European and possibly

world history.

○ In a very short time (1348-1352) the disease killed hundreds of thousands

of people. (Records are not accurate)

■ Estimated that some European populations fell as much as 70-

80%.

● The term Black Death is believed to have been coined first by Swedish and

Danish scholars in the 16th century.

○ It refers to the black colour of the buboes (these went from rosy red to

black). But it also refers to the horror of the plague.

○ The term however, did not gain popular usage until the 19th century.

■ In 1832, the German doctor, J.F.K Hecker published the ‘Essay on

the Black Death’, referring to the 14th century bubonic plague.

, ■ He wrote this in the context of the outbreak of the cholera

epidemic of the early 1800s.

■ Fears of another epidemic of plague proportions prompted the

study.

■ The essay was translated into English in 1833 – the term Black

Death entered English usage and gained currency.

● Since the 14th century plague, there have been numerous epidemics that have

caused enormous devastation but not on the level of the Black Death.


Diagnosis

● The Black Death was medically and epidemiologically diagnosed five and a half

centuries after it occurred.

○ In 1894 a plague broke out in China, especially Hong Kong.

■ A Swiss microbiologist, Alexandre Yersin, who was working in

French Indo-China went to Hong Kong to examine the infected.

■ He was successfully able to isolate and diagnose the bacillus which

was named after him – yersinia pestis.

■ He also successfully developed a serum for the treatment.

○ In 1896 it spread to Bombay – caused devastation until 1899.

■ From Bombay it spread to port cities in Portugal, Glasgow,

Scotland and Sidney, Australia.

○ It has since been determined that the bubonic plague bacillus is injected

into humans through flea bites.

● It has an incubation period of between 2-8 days.

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