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Summary Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology- Test 2- Chapter 4&5 2023
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- (IAP100)
This is a review for test 2 of Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology. It includes chapter 4- tissues and chapter 5- integumentary system.
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IAP Test 2 ReviewWhat are the 4 different types of tissues, how can you tell them apart? What do these tissues do?
CELLS secrete and regulate EXTRACELLULAR MATERIALS AND FLUID combine to form TISSUES
with special functions.
Epithelial:
Covers exposed surfaces
Lines internal passageways and chambers
Produces glandular secretions ( GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM)
GLAND CELLS- Epithelial cells produce secretions
Classified by where and how secretions discharge
EXOCRINE: Secretions discharged onto surface of epithelium
ENDOCRINE: Secretions ( Hormones) released into the surrounding tissue fluid and blood
Found on all surfaces of the body exposed to the outside world, lining with outside organs and the inside
of blood vessels. Closely together, free surface, attached to underlying tissue by BASEMENT MEMBRANE,
AVASCULAR ( lacks blood cells), continual cell replacement/generation
Basement Membrane: Lies between epithelium and underlying connective tissue
Connective:
Fills internal spaces
Provides structural support
Stores energy
Comprised of dispersed cells with no intracellular contact, connective tissue is a fiberous
tissue that supports and binds other tissues in the body
Muscle:
Contract to produce active movement
Composed of cells that can contract and relax, muscle tissue in the body
Nervous:
Propagates electrical impulses
Carries information
,Made up of neurons and glial cells, nervous tissue is responsible for transmitting and processing
information in the body.
All of these combine to form ORGANS with multiple functions. Interact in ORGAN SYSTEMS
What’s the difference between simple and stratified?
Simple:
Single layer of cells covering basement membrane
Fragile
Lines internal compartments and passageways
Common where secretion, absorption, and transport take place
Examples: air sacs in the lungs, kidney tubules, small intestinal mucus membrane, inner lining of blood
vessels
Stratified:
Multiply layers of cells
Provides greater protection
Found in areas exposed to mechanical or chemical stress
Example: Skin, vaginal lining, upper esophagus lining
Simple and stratified Structure, function and location
Squamous
Shape:
Side view: Thin and flat
Top view: fried eggs laid side by side
, Functions:
Simple: For transport, diffusion mainly, reduces friction, controls vessels
permeability, performs absorption and secretion
Example: Air sacs of lungs, some kidney tubules
Stratified: provides physical protection against abrasion, pathogens and chemical
attack
Example: Skin Vaginal lining
Cuboidal
Shape:
Side view: Square with large round nucleus in center
Top view: Hexagonal boxes
Function:
Simple: For transport, Limited protection, secretion and absorption
Example: Most kidney tubules, thyroid gland
Stratified: Protection. Secretion, moves mucus with cillia
Example: sweat ducts and mammary glands
Columnar
Shape:
Side view: Rectangular with nuclei near base
Top view: Hexagonal boxes
Function:
Simple: Common in digestive lining
Example: Stomach, small and large intestine
Stratified: Relatively rare, only superficial cells are columnar
Example: Inner layer of pharynx, epiglottis, anus, urethra
What is pseudostratified?
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Is a classified as Stratified Epithelia
All cells contact basement membrane
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