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Summary RENEWABLE ENERGY & ENERGY HARVESTING
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What is meant by the term energy: - Energy can be defined as the ability of a body to do work. No activity will occur without energy. INTRODUCTION: -Energy is an essential component/requirement of our daily life. Different forms of energy govern our lives in daily routines Heat energy obtained by ...

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  • November 17, 2023
  • 49
  • 2023/2024
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  • renewable energy energy harvesting

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RENEWABLE ENERGY & ENERGY
HARVESTING
PROF.SHEIKH ABID HUSSAIN
HOD PHYSICS & NANOSCIENCES
ISLAMIA COLLEGE SRINAGAR.




SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE FOR
3rd SEMESTER PHYSICS & OTHER
STUDENTS

, 1


Course Syllabus Course code:-PH30119S
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
=====================================
Semester: III (Skill Enhancement Course) Paper: Renewable Energy &
Energy Harvesting.

Credits: 04 (Theory=02; Demonstrations/Practicals =02)
=======================================================================================================
===========
The aim behind this course is to give the students a thorough understanding about various
energy resources both renewable & non-renewable & how to harvest the eco-friendly &
non-depleting resourses.The course also introduces the modern energy trends like
piezoelectric energy harvesting& human power electromagnetic energy harvesting.
Unit-I (01-credit: Theory=23-lectures of 40-Mts each); Meant for external evaluation.
Fossil fuels and Alternate Sources of energy: Fossil fuels and Nuclear Energy, their limitations,
need of renewable energy, non-conventional energy sources. Wind Energy harvesting:
Fundamentals of Wind energy, Wind Turbines. Ocean Energy: Ocean Energy Potential against
Wind and Solar energy, an overview of developments in Offshore Wind Energy. Ocean
Thermal Energy, Tidal Energy, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion. Geothermal Energy:
Geothermal Resources, Geothermal Technologies. Hydro Energy: Hydropower resources,
hydropower technologies, environmental impact of hydro power sources. Biochemical
conversion, biogas generation, geothermal energy tidal energy.
UNIT-II (01-credit:Theory=22-lecturesof40-Mts each); Meantfor externalevaluation.
Solar energy: Solar energy, its importance, storage of solar energy, solar pond, non-convective
solar pond, applications of solar pond and solar energy, solar water heater, flat plate collector,
solar distillation, solar cooker, solar green houses, and solar cell. Need and characteristics of
photovoltaic (PV) systems, solar energy. Piezoelectric Energy harvesting: Introduction,
Physics and characteristics of piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric generators, piezoelectric
energy harvesting applications.

Demonstrations/Practicals on the following Activities:- (02-credits; 90-lectures of 40-Mts
each); Meant for internal evaluation
1. Demonstration of Training modules on Bio Energy.
2. Demonstration of Training modules on wind energy.
3. Demonstration of Training modules on Solar energy.
4. Demonstration of Training modules on hybrid solar & wind energy.
5. Demonstration of Training modules on Fuel Cell.
6. Conversion of vibration to voltage using piezoelectric materials
7. Conversion of thermal energy into voltage using thermoelectric modules.

Reference Books
1. Non-conventional energy sources - G.D Rai - Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
2. Solar energy - M P Agarwal - S Chand and Co. Ltd.
3. Solar energy - Suhas P Sukhative Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
4. Godfrey Boyle, “Renewable Energy, Power for a sustainable future”, 2004,
Oxford University Press, in association with The Open University.

, 2


What is meant by the term energy: - Energy can be defined as the ability of a body to do
work. No activity will occur without energy.

INTRODUCTION: -Energy is an essential component/requirement of our daily life.
Different forms of energy govern our lives in daily routines Heat energy obtained by
burning fuels like wood, coal, kerosene or cooking gas is used to cook food at home. The
energy from fuels like petrol and diesel is used to run vehicles. Electrical energy operates
bulbs, tubes, fans, radio, television and other household equipment’s. The universe is filled
with various sources of energy. We can use this energy by converting it to other useful
forms. The current chapter deals with different categories of sources of energy and the
related topics.

In this universe every moving entity is backed by some amount of energy in one form
or other, even biological life is driven and governed by food which is a form of energy.
Biological engines on one side consume food as a form of organic energy & in turn induces
locomotion in the biological species. But unfortunately, these energy reserves are sooner
or later exhausting at a very fast speed. So, lest the world comes abruptly to a standstill
continued research quest is going on all around the world either to convert these exhaustible
energy resources into non-exhaustible ones or to invent new inexhaustible resources.

The aim & objective of this skill enhancement course is:

i) to make abreast the students about the research work going on all around the world in this
field.
ii) and to inculcate the research instinct in the students in this direction while taking due care of
environment & the ecological balance.

Different Types of Energies:
Energy is an essential requirement of our life. Different forms of energy govern our lives
in daily routines Heat energy obtained by burning fuels like wood, coal, kerosene or
cooking gas is used to cook food at home. The energy from fuels like petrol and diesel is
used to run vehicles. Electrical energy operates bulbs, tubes, fans, radio, television and
other household equipment’s. The universe is filled with various sources of energy. We
can use this energy by converting it to other useful forms. The current chapter deals with
different categories of sources of energy and the related topics.

, 3


SOURCES OF ENERGY: A source of energy is the one which can provide an adequate
amount of energy in suitable form over a long period of time. Characteristics of a good
source of energy. A good source of energy should have the following characteristics:

(i) lt should supply enough amount of useful energy.
(ii) lt should be easily stored and should occupy less space for storage.
(iii) lt should be easily transported.
(iv) it should be economical.
(v) lt should be easily available and accessible
(vi) lt should cause minimum environmental pollution.

Sources of energy are categorized in two types - renewable and non- renewable
sources of energy.

Sources of energy which are being produced continuously in nature and are inexhaustible
as these can be used again & again endlessly, are called renewable sources of energy. Some
of the renewable sources of energy are listed as follows: (a)Solar energy (b) Wind energy
(c) Hydro energy (energy from flowing water) (d) Bio-fuels (wood, bio-gas and alcohol)
(e) Hydrogen (f) Energy from oceans (tidal energy, sea wave energy etc.) (g) Geothermal
energy

(a) Solar Energy:
The Sun is the ultimate source of many forms of energy available on earth. The energy
obtained from the sun is called solar energy. Solar energy is the result of nuclear fusion
reactions taking place inside the sun. The solar energy trapped by land and water bodies at
the earth causes many phenomena in nature like winds, storms; rain, snowfall, sea-waves
etc. and the plants utilize solar energy to prepare food by the process of photosynthesis.

SOLAR CONSTANT: The solar energy reaching unit area per second at outer edge of
earth's atmosphere exposed perpendicularly to the rays of the sun at the average distance
between the sun and the earth is known as 'solar constant' and its value is approximately
1400 W/m2 (1.4 kilojoules per second per square meter). Solar energy received by Earth
in given time is given by: Solar constant x area x time

Composition of Sun's Energy (i) Earth's surface receives three types of electromagnetic
waves: ultra-violet rays, visible rays and infrared rays. all having different range of
wavelengths ln spectrum of solar radiations, the rays which have wavelength range

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