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- Concordia University ( )
these are notes for geol 210, for chapter 9 on earthquakes.
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CHAPTER 9: EARTHQUAKESShortcut symbols for long words:
- [E] earthquakes
Earthquakes:
- Affect, more than 35 countries
- Primary feature of earthquakes: would be ground shaking.
Earthquakes are related to structural geology, and the deformations that occur to the rickes
during the process.
A- General Def of [ What is an earthquake?]:
An earthquake is generally defined by the shaking or the vibrating of the ground. The Rocks go
through a deformation which breaks suddenly along a fault.
B- Where are the world’s [E] in terms of plate tectonics:
The majority happen along the plate margins:
- Where the friction happens.
- The most intense [E] happen near the subduction zones. Due to the fact that those
areas have the most amont of energy.
- Within the tectonic plates, ther can be volcanoes although it is really rare for this to
happen.
“Ring of Fire”:
This can be characterized by the subjection zones
- Violent [E] and Volcanic eruptions
- Deadly & intense and destructive.
Question that can be ask on Final:
-Why do Subduction zones have the deadly [E]?
- Well elasticity of the roock movements, when the plates are stuck, which causes the rock
to build up mass amounts of energy. Until one moment, when released the rock will
either have a ductile response or a brittle response. Which can then cause earthquakes
of magnitudes of 6 and up . Which can be very deadly.
- Example: in Iceland, there isnt much energy being released each time, because it
doesnt take much time to store it, it gets stored briefly and then gets released. These
cause earthquakes of magnitude 2,3,4.
- It's usually best to have little mini earthquakes than a massive one. Due to the fact that,
mihni earthquakes less energy released time by time which is good, massive
earthquakes, too much energy store and when released can be detrimental.
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