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Summary IMAGINING SOCIOLOGY Chapter 13: Social Movements CA$14.66   Add to cart
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  5. Sociology
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  7. SOCI 102 (SOCI102)

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Summary IMAGINING SOCIOLOGY Chapter 13: Social Movements

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CLEAR and CONCISE assimilation of notes from lectures (SOCI 102 with Catherine Corrigall-Brown), the textbook (Imagining Sociology written by Catherine Corrigall-Brown), and discussions. These notes include a COMPLETE BREAKDOWN of each important concept (with examples) and key terms highlighted. If...

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  • January 23, 2018
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  • 2017/2018
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C13: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS


C13: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Learning Objectives
1. Define a social movement and the various tactics that these movements use to call for social
change.
2. Understand the rise of the environmental movement in Canada as an illustration of social
movement activity.
3. Outline the challenge of the collective action problem and why it occurs in the pursuit of public
goods; assess trends in social movement participation over time and across countries.
4. Explain the major factors that predict social movement participation, including ideology,
resources, biographical availability, social ties, identity, and political context.
5. Critically examine the relationship between the media and social movements, particularly the
issues of selection and description biases.
6. Understand the concept of public sociology and be able to apply this concept to the theories and
concepts we have learned in this text.


KEY CONCEPTS
Social Movements
● Social Movements: sustained challenges to existing holders of power in the name of a wronged
population.
● Members engage in:
○ Protesting (most contentious)
○ Boycotting (least contentious)
○ Petitions (most likely to be done → one time thing)
● Similarities w/ elections: both try to gain public support for their opinions and interests
● Differences w/ elections:
○ Elections - run by powerful political insiders vs Movements - represent interest of outsiders
who have less power
○ Elections are low cost (no risky behaviour or big amount of time needed for polls) vs
Movements require energy and commitments
○ Social movements are less predictable in engaging and use different strategies
● 5 main elements:
○ Involve a sustained challenge
○ Challenge power holders
○ Act on behalf of the wronged population
○ Work to demonstrate worthiness, unity, numbers, and commitment (WUNC)
■ If any number of WUNC is 0 = no strength (W x U x N x C)
○ Engage in unauthorised action
● Movements are composed of the wrong population & conscience constituencies
● 2 methods of participation:
○ Risk associated w/ the activity
○ Cost of engaging

→ Conscience Constituencies
● Conscience Constituencies: other people who are sympathetic to the group’s plight.

→ Collective Action Problem
● Collective Action Problem: aka free-rider problem; people tend to avoid participating because they
think it will not make a difference
● Proposed by Mancur Olson (1965)
● Argued that people avoid participating because they still benefit from whatever is gained whether or
not they contribute
● Criticisms:
○ Nothing would happen if noone does anything
○ How do we explain social movements that have occurred?

, C13: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS


○ Are all social movements a bunch of irrational people gathered together?

→ Public Goods
● Public Goods: things which are non-excludable and non-rivalrous.
○ Non-Excludable → one person cannot reasonably prevent another from consuming the
good
○ Non-Rivalrous → one person’s consumption of the good does not affect another’s

Elements of Participation
● 4 main elements of participation
○ Ideology → efficacy
○ Resources
○ Biographical Availability
○ Social ties and Identity → identities
○ Political Context/Critical Events → free spaces

→ Efficacy
● Efficacy: the belief that one is capable of the specific behaviours required to produce a desired
outcome in a given situation.
● Individuals who express this are more likely to participate

→ Identities
● Identities: the names that people give to themselves and others in the course of social interaction.
● Collective identity → sense of unity & comes from shared attributes/experiences among a group
○ Is a pre-req for collective action
● Individuals can change identities by participating in movements → “activist identity”

→ Free Spaces
● Free Spaces: small-scale settings within a community or movement that are removed from the direct
control of dominant groups, are voluntary, and generate the cultural challenge that precedes or
accompanies political mobilisation.
● Protects activists from those in power

The Media: Framing
● Frame: a thought organiser that highlights certain events and facts as important and renders others as
invisible
○ The media are the key means by which we learn about protest and social movements (e.g;
Black Lives Matter (BLM) → Beyonce’s performance at Super bowl)
○ Both print and electronic media editors select a limited number of events to observe and
report
● Framing: selects and emphasises some aspects of reality to promote a particular interpretation of an
event or issue
○ Framing sends signals about who is legitimate and sympathetic (e.g; 3 people vs 4000
people at a protest)
○ This can affect public opinion and government policy (how you portray people - descriptions
etc)

Selection Bias vs Description Bias
● Selection Bias: involves media editor’s choices of a small number of protest events from a larger
pool.
● Description Bias: how activists and their actions are depicted.

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