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Summary ATPL Theory - Meteorology

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This document is a summary of the ATPL subject Meteorology. You can use it as an easy way to get started, a refresher for your theory or a quick way to check if you know the essential parts of the subjects short before your exam. I made the summary while i was studying for my ATPL theory, i passed...

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Document information

  • November 30, 2023
  • 26
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • atpl
  • klm flight academy
  • pilot
  • cpl
  • atpl theory
  • weather
  • meteorology
  • meteo
  • clouds
  • climate

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  • ATPL theorie
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By: abdkrimb • 1 year ago

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METEOROLOGY
Summary / Notes

, Table of contents
Section 1 - Basics


The Atmosphere… ...................................................................... 2
Wind .......................................................................................... 3
Thermodynamics… ..................................................................... 5
Clouds and Fog .......................................................................... 6
Precipitation ............................................................................. 9
Air masses… ............................................................................. 10
Frontal systems ....................................................................... 11
Pressure systems… ................................................................... 12
Climatology… ........................................................................... 13


Section 2 – Flight Hazards
Icing… ...................................................................................... 15
Turbulence .............................................................................. 16
Wind shear… ............................................................................17
Thunderstorms ........................................................................ 17
Tornadoes… ............................................................................ 18
Mountainous areas…................................................................ 19
Visibility-reducing phenomena… ..............................................19


Section 4 – Meteorological information
Observation ............................................................................ 20
Weather charts ........................................................................ 22
Information for flight planning… .............................................. 24
Meteorological services… ......................................................... 25
1

, Meteorology
The Atmosphere
Standard atmosphere:
-15℃
-1013,25 hPa or 29,92 in hg
-1.225 kg/m3
-ELR = 1,98 ℃ per 1000 ft
-DALR = 3 ℃ per 1000 ft
-DLR = 0,5 ℃ per 1000 ft
-Tropopause = 36090 ft / 11 km
-> Temperature = -56,5 ℃

Lapse Rate:
-MSL = 30 ft
-18000 ft/500 hPa = 50 ft
-39000 ft/200 hPa = 100 ft

Important pressure altitudes
200hPa = FL390
250hPa = FL340
300hPa = FL300
400hPa = FL240
500hPa = FL180
700hPa = FL100
850hPa = FL050

Diurnal variation
-Max temperature = 2 hours after local noon
-Max insolation = at Local noon
-Min temperature = half an hour rafter sunrise

Pressure Convert factor
-18000 ft = 50% of pressure = 500 hPa -Celsius -> Kelvin = +273
-34000 ft = 25% of pressure = 250 hPa -Meter -> Feet = x 3,28
-troposphere = 90% of water vapour -1 NM -> 1,852 km

ISO lines Height per hPa lapse rate
-Isotach = wind speeds -H = 96 x T : P
-Isobar = pressure -T = kelvin, P = hPa, H = ft/hPa
-Isohyps = height
-Isotherm = temperature




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