Exam (elaborations)
EEG/CLTM – Questions And Accurate Solutions
EEG/CLTM – Questions And Accurate Solutions
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EEG/CLTM – Questions And Accurate SolutionsWhere is the hippocampus located? ✔️Ans - Temporal lobe, responsible
for learning and memory
What is the amygdala responsible for? ✔️Ans - Long term emotional,
processing of memory, the amygdalae are considered part of the limbic
system. Located in Temporal Lobe
Foramen Ovale Electrodes ✔️Ans - Used to diagnose mesial temporal lobe
epilepsy without penetration of the skull. These are 1 to 4 contact flexible
platinum wires inserted by needle thru the cheek in the ambient cistern with
the help of an X-ray
Todd's Paralysis ✔️Ans - Paralysis or weakness in a part of the body after
a seizure. This weakness typically affects arms or legs, but may also affect
speech, eye position or vision. usually subsides completely within 48 hours.
Rasmussen's Encepholopathy ✔️Ans - Rare, chronic focal encephalitis,
characterized by frequent severe seizures, loss of motor skills and speech,
hemiparesis, and dementia. The illness affects a single cerebral hemisphere
and generally occurs in children under the age of 15.
SUDEP ✔️Ans - defined as the sudden and unexpected, non-traumatic and
non-drowning death of a person with epilepsy without a known cause.
Current CPR chest compressions ✔️Ans - 30 to 2, or 100 per minute for
adults. And 15 to 2 for children
Hip Thrusting ✔️Ans - #1 Characteristic of Non epileptic events
Gelastic Seizures ✔️Ans - Are associated with several different conditions,
but mainly hypothalamic hamartomas. Characterized by sudden outbursts of
Laughter, crying or cough for no apparent or appropriate reason.
Cataplexy ✔️Ans - A sudden and transient episode of muscle weakness,
with full conscious awareness, typically triggered by emotions such as
laughing, crying, terror, etc. It is the cardinal symptom of narcolepsy
,Frontal lobe ✔️Ans - complex automatisms arise from what lobe?
Cortical Dysplasia ✔️Ans - A congenital abnormality where the neurons in
an area of the brain failed to migrate in the proper formation in utero,
commonly found near the cerebral cortex and is associated with seizures
Lennox Gastaut ✔️Ans - Onset between age 2 & 6. characterized by
frequent seizures of different types; is often accompanied by developmental
delay, psychological and behavioral problems. About half of patients will have
status. interictal EEG shows slow spike-wave complexes.
Keppra ✔️Ans - Levetiracetam: used for partial seizures, or as an
adjunctive therapy for partial, myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures.
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
(JME) ✔️Ans - Seen in ages 12 to 18, brief involuntary muscle twitching in
the morning. Most have generalized seizures, many also have absence
seizures. Treated with Depakote (Valproic Acid). EEG shows generalized 3-4
Hz polyspike and slow wave discharges. Often provoked by Photic and HV
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ✔️Ans - Recurrent, unprovoked seizures which
originate from the temporal lobe. Seizures involve sensory changes; such as
smelling an unusual odor that is not there, or a memory disturbance. The most
common cause is mesial temporal sclerosis. Surgery can be complicated by
decreased cognitive function.
Simple Partial Seizures ✔️Ans - Are seizures involving small areas of the
temporal lobe such as the amygdala and hippocampus. There is no
impairment to the level of consciousness.
Complex Partial seizures ✔️Ans - seizures which impair LOC. They usually
begin with a single partial seizure, then spread to a larger portion of the
temporal lobe. may include motionless staring, automatic movements of the
hands or mouth, inability to respond, unusual speech, or other unusual
behaviors
Deep brain stimulation ✔️Ans - neurosurgical procedure involving the
implantation of a medical device called a brain pacemaker, which sends
, electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific parts of the brain
(brain nucleus) for the treatment of movement and affective disorders
Ketogenic Diet ✔️Ans - A high fat, low-carb diet used to treat intractable
seizures in children. The diet forces the liver to convert fat into ketone bodies,
which replace glucose as an energy source. The elevated level of ketone bodies
leads to a reduction in seizures. May help Lenox Gastaut.
Wada test ✔️Ans - Used to determine hemispheric dominance, is
conducted with the patient awake. Sodium amobarbital is injected into one of
the internal carotid arteries one hemisphere at a time to assess language and
memory function.
Hemispherectomy ✔️Ans - removal or a functional disconnection of most,
or all of, one half of the cerebrum. It is reserved for people with the most
catastrophic epilepsies, such as those due to Rasmussen syndrome.
Frontal lobe ✔️Ans - Hyper motor behavior comes from what lobe?
Pentobarbital ✔️Ans - The brand name for this drug is Nembutal, also has
an application in reducing intracranial pressure in Reye's syndrome,
traumatic brain injury and induction of coma in cerebral ischemia patients.
Visual Cortex ✔️Ans - The region of the cortex occupying the entire
surface of the occipital lobe, & composed of Brodmanns areas 17-19. It
receives visual data from the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus
Hyperkinetic Disorders ✔️Ans - Are movement disorders characterized by
increased uncontrollable motor function. They are caused by reduced basal
ganglia output. For example: Huntington's disease
Frontal Lobe Epilepsy ✔️Ans - Hypermotor Behavior
Multiple Subpial Transection. (MST) ✔️Ans - Frontal lobe epilepsy.
involves making a series of cuts around the focal region. This interrupts
neuronal synchronization and spike propagation. Used if focal region is in
eloquent cortex. "like dragging a rake over cortex". Used in Landau Kleffner
Syndrome.
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