Exam (elaborations)
WGU Biochemistry OA – Questions & Solutions
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- WGU Biochemistry
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- WGU Biochemistry
WGU Biochemistry OA – Questions & Solutions
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WGU Biochemistry OA – Questions & SolutionsBohr Effect chart (low pH) ✔️Ans - C- High CO2
H- High H+
A- Acidic
R-Release of O2(rt. Shift)
T- tense state (in tissues)
Primary structure ✔️Ans - Sequence of amino acids that make up a
protein
Secondary Structure ✔️Ans - Sequence of amino acids fold.
Tertiary Structure ✔️Ans - -more folding in a 3D shape.
-R groups (side chains)
Quaternary Structure ✔️Ans - Protein has more than 1 polypeptide chain.
Chemical reaction ✔️Ans - -absorb and release energy
-activation energy
-energy is released (heat & light) when bonds are broken.
Exothermic reaction ✔️Ans - Exo=to release
Thermo=heat
-chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs (as heat & light)
Example of exothermic reaction ✔️Ans - Cellular respiration- breaks
down glucose to make cellular energy
Endothermic reaction ✔️Ans - Endo=absorb
Thermos=heat
-absorbs more energy than it releases
Example of endothermic reaction ✔️Ans - Photosynthesis- takes in light
to break down to create glucose
Catalyst ✔️Ans - Substance that will decrease the activation energy
needed to start a chemical reaction
,Enzymes ✔️Ans - -catalysts used by cells
-increase the rate of chemical reaction
-specific to substrates
Enzyme structure ✔️Ans - -they are proteins
-twist, fold, bend to final shape
-shape attracts specific molecules
Substrate ✔️Ans - Molecules that bind to the enzyme
Active site ✔️Ans - -location on enzyme where substrate binds
Function of DNA polymerase in process of PCR. ✔️Ans - -increase
expression
-2 genes
-SIRT1 & SIRT2
Function of a molecule ✔️Ans - Structural component of the lipid bilayer
How would lipid production in a cell change in order to maintain fluidity of its
cell membrane as it adapts to lower temperatures? ✔️Ans - Produce
lipids with shorter fatty acid chains
Function of cholesterol ✔️Ans - Maintains membrane fluidity
Lipid (fat) soluble vitamins ✔️Ans - A, D, E, K
What stimulates beta-oxidation of fatty acids? ✔️Ans - An increase in
NAD+ concentration in the mitochondrial matrix
What occurs in an otherwise healthy person whose diet has very few carbs
and high levels of fats? ✔️Ans - Acetone is produced in the blood
Amino acids ✔️Ans - -Non-polar (hydrophobic)
-Polar charged
-Polar uncharged
, Which type of mammalian DNA damage repair requires the presence of the
chromosome that is homologous to the damaged chromosome? ✔️Ans -
Recombination
Xeroxerma Pigmentosum (XP) ✔️Ans - A recessive genetic disease that
occurs when one or more of the genes that perform nucleotide excision repair
are nonfunctional
Why do XP patients have a much higher incidence of skin cancer than the
general population? ✔️Ans - The mutation of all other genes is higher due
to failure to repair.
Assuming 100% reaction efficiency, how many DNA copies are created after
the completion of 4 complete PCR cycles? ✔️Ans - 16
What is the function of DNA polymerase in the process of PCR? ✔️Ans - It
recognizes the primers and uses the available dNTPs to replicate the template
DNA sequence.
What difference in the regions of the SIRT1 & SIRT2 genes in people addicted
to cocaine increases their expression? ✔️Ans - The nucleosomes become
more widely spaced.
What occurs during the process of alternative splicing of RNA? ✔️Ans -
Alternate combinations of Exons within the same gene are linked together.
Polypeptides ✔️Ans - -functional proteins
-made of folded up polymers
Elements ✔️Ans - Substance that cannot be broken down into another
substance by chemical reaction.
Ionic bond ✔️Ans - Actions share + & - charge
Covalent bond ✔️Ans - When atoms share electrons
Hydrogen bond ✔️Ans - Forms when portion of a polar molecule that is
partially positive interacts with portion of a polar molecule that is partially
negative
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