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CPHON Complete Study Guide
CPHON Complete Study Guide
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CPHON Complete Study GuideErikson's Stage of Development: infant? toddler? preschool? school age?
adolescence? young adult? ✔️Ans - Infant: Trust vs. Mistrust
Toddler: Autonomy vs. Shame
Preschool: Initiative vs. Guilt
School Age: Industry vs. Inferiority
Adolescence: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Young adult: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Normal cell cycle ✔️Ans - Mitosis
G1: growth in cell size, RNA & protein synthesis
S: DNA replication
G2: cell growth, RNA & protein synthesis
Steps of Mitosis ✔️Ans - 1. Interphase
2. Prophase: chromatin condense into chromosomes
3. Prometaphase: Nuclear membrane breaks down
4. Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in middle
5. Anaphase: Chromosomes break at centromeres & chromatids move to
opposite ends
6. Telophase: Nuclear membrane reforms
Myeloid lineage progresses to form 3 colony forming units: what are they?
✔️Ans - *CFU-G/M* (G-->Myeloblast-->granulocyte) or (M-->Monoblast--
>monocyte/macrophage)
*CFU-mega* (Megakaryoblast-->platelet)
*CFU-E* (pronormoblast-->RBC)
Cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death, after accidents, in children
age _____. ✔️Ans - 0-14
*ALL is the most common type
Cancer is the 4th most common cause of death in children 15-19 years of
age, after_______. ✔️Ans - Accidents, homicide, suicide
, What types of cancer are most common in older teenagers, ages 15-19?
✔️Ans - Hodgkin's and germ-cell tumors
Males vs. females: higher incidence of cancer? ✔️Ans - Males
*Males are more likely to have NHL, ALL, CNS tumors, neuroblastoma,
hepatoblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdo, germ cell, osteoblastoma.
Females more likely to have Hodgkin's lymphoma & thyroid cancer.
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is quite rare, occurring almost
exclusively in children ____ years of age or younger. ✔️Ans - 2
* You will see high HbF. Leukocytosis muted compared to CML.
Peak incidence of ALL is ____ years of age. More common in males.
✔️Ans - 2-5
Radiation performed during pregnancy--especially 1st trimester--increases
risk of ____. ✔️Ans - ALL
Risk lasts until child is 12 years old
*Parental cigarette smoking prior to conception is also associated with
increased risk. Increased birth weight associated with higher risk.
What are the 2 most important factors when determining prognoses in a
child with ALL? ✔️Ans - 1. Age of child (2-10 most favorable)
2. WBC count (<50k most favorable)
*Children in time of rapid growth (i.e. infancy, adolescence have poorer
prognoses. Infants have least favorable outlook.
*Higher the WBC count, worse the prognosis.
*Hyperdipoidy: >46 but <50 chromsomes=good prognosis
Induction for ALL includes....
What do you add for high risk? ✔️Ans - -Goal is to eliminate blasts
(<5%)
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