Class notes
Cell Structures and Functions Summary [Essential of Human Anatomy and Physiology]
Cell Structures and Functions Summary [Essential of Human Anatomy and Physiology]
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
Seller
Follow
Content preview
CELL STRUCTURES Crenation – cell shrinkingAND FUNCTIONS Carrier-Mediated Transport Mechanisms
Carrier-mediated transport – movement of a substance
Cell Structure
Cell – basic unit of life across a membrane by means of a carrier molecule
Organelles – specialized structures Facilitated diffusion – moves substances from a higher
to lower concentration; does not require ATP
1. Nucleus – contains genetic material
Active transport – moves substances from a lower to
2. Cytoplasm – living material higher concentration; requires ATP
Ø Cystic fibrosis – genetic disorder that affects the
3. Plasma membrane – encloses the cytoplasm and active transport of Cl- into cells
nucleus
Secondary active transport – moving concentration
Functions of the Cell (CSCR) gradient to move another substance
1. Cell metabolism and energy use. Ø Cotransport – same direction
2. Synthesis of molecules. Ø Countertransport – opposite direction
3. Communication.
4. Reproduction and inheritance. Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Endocytosis – movement of materials into cells by
Cell Membrane formation of vesicles
§ Outer boundary of the cell Ø Phagocytosis – cell eating; solid particles are
§ Determines what enters and leaves the cell ingested
Ø Pinocytosis – cell drinking; smaller vesicles are
Extracellular – substances outside the cell formed and contains liquid
Intracellular – substances inside the cell Exocytosis – secretion of materials from cells
Fluid-Mosaic Model – arrangement of molecules in the Organelles
cell membrane Nucleus
Nuclear envelope – two-layered membrane that bounds
Selectively permeable – allows some substances to pass the nucleus
into or out of the cells
Nuclear pores – where materials can can pass into or out
Movement Through the Cell Membrane the nucleus
Diffusion
§ Movement of a solute from an area of higher to Chromatin – loosely coiled chromosomes
lower concentration gradient
Nucleoli – consists of ribosomal RNA and proteins
Concentration gradient – difference in the concentration
of a solute in a solvent minus the concentration of the Ribosomes
solute at another point § Site of protein synthesis
Leak channels – allow ions to pass through Endoplasmic Reticulum
§ Forms tubules/sacs throughout the cell
Gated channels – limit the movement of ions across the
membrane Rough E.R. – protein synthesis and modification;
contains ribosomes
Osmosis
§ Diffusion of water across a selectively Smooth E.R. – lipid synthesis, detoxification, and Ca
permeable membrane storage
Osmotic pressure – force required to prevent movement Golgi Apparatus
of water across a selectively permeable membrane § Modifies, packages, and distributes lipids and
proteins
Hypotonic – lower concentration
Secretory vesicles
Isotonic – same concentration § Transports and stores materials within cells
Hypertonic – higher concentration Lysosomes
§ Membrane bound sacs containing hydrolytic
Lysis – when cells swell, then ruptures enzymes
M o r a n o , M . A .
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller rarereads. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$11.34. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
79835 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now