Exam (elaborations)
Irene Gold Part 1 – Questions With Detailed Solutions
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- IRENE GOLD
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- IRENE GOLD
Irene Gold Part 1 – Questions With Detailed Solutions
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Irene Gold Part 1 – Questions With DetailedSolutions
Endoderm develops into ✔️Ans - 1. Organs
2. GI tract
3. Respiratory tract
Paraxial mesoderm is divided into ✔️Ans - 1. Somatic
2. Splanchnic
Somatic paraxial mesoderm develops into ✔️Ans - Skeletal muscle
Splanchnic paraxial mesoderm develops into ✔️Ans - Visceral smooth
muscle
Intermediate mesoderm develops into ✔️Ans - 1. Urogenital system
2. Kidneys
Lateral plate mesoderm develops into ✔️Ans - 1. Adrenal cortex
2. Blood and lymph cells
Ectoderm is divided into ✔️Ans - 1. Surface ectoderm
2. Neuroectoderm
Neuroectoderm develops into ✔️Ans - 1. Neural tube
2. Neural crest
Neural tube develops into ✔️Ans - CNS
Neural crest develops into ✔️Ans - Cells outside CNS
Spina bifida occulta ✔️Ans - Non-fusion of laminae
Area of hair growth over site of spina bifida occulta is known as ✔️Ans -
Fawn's beard
Vitamin that prevents spina bifida occulta ✔️Ans - Folic acid
,Folic acid is also known as ✔️Ans - 1. Vitamin B9
2. Methyl folate
3. Tetrahydrofolate
Arnold Chiari syndrome Type 1 ✔️Ans - Extension of cerebellar peduncles
below foramen magnum
Function of cerebellar peduncles ✔️Ans - Connect cerebellum to brainstem
Arnold Chiari syndrome Type 2 ✔️Ans - Type 1 + myelomeningocele
Cleft palate ✔️Ans - Non-fusion of maxillary and palatine bones
Notochord persists as ✔️Ans - Nucleus pulposus
Sclerotomes give rise to ✔️Ans - Vertebrae
Epimeres give rise to ✔️Ans - Dorsal muscles
Hypomeres give rise to ✔️Ans - Ventral muscles
When does primary ossification occur? ✔️Ans - Before birth
When does secondary ossification occur? ✔️Ans - After birth
Intramembranous ossification ✔️Ans - Conversion of mesenchyme into
bone
What is formed via intramembranous ossification? ✔️Ans - 1. Clavicle
2. Flat bones of skull
Enchondral ossification ✔️Ans - Preformation of bone in cartilage
Precursor of mouth is known as ✔️Ans - Stomodeum
Foregut ✔️Ans - Back of throat to 1st third of duodenum
Midgut ✔️Ans - Last 2/3 of duodenum to 1st 2/3 of transverse colon
,Hindgut ✔️Ans - Last 1/3 of transverse colon to anus
In males, the gubernaculum becomes ✔️Ans - Scrotal ligament
Scrotal ligament is also known as ✔️Ans - Gubernacular testis
In females, the gubernaculum becomes ✔️Ans - 1. Suspensory ligament of
ovary
2. Ovarian ligament
3. Round ligament
Primary vesicles ✔️Ans - 1. Prosencephalon
2. Mesencephalon
3. Rhombencephalon
Secondary vesicles of prosencephalon ✔️Ans - 1. Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon
Secondary vesicles of rhombencephalon ✔️Ans - 1. Metencephalon
2. Myelencephalon
Derivatives of telencephalon ✔️Ans - 1. Cerebral cortex
2. Basal ganglia
Cranial nerves associated with telencephalon ✔️Ans - CN 1
Ventricle associated with telencephalon ✔️Ans - Lateral ventricle
Derivatives of diencephalon ✔️Ans - Thalamus
Location of pineal gland ✔️Ans - Epithalamus
Cranial nerves associated with diencephalon ✔️Ans - CN 2
Ventricle associated with diencephalon ✔️Ans - 3rd ventricle
Derivatives of mesencephalon ✔️Ans - Midbrain
Cranial nerves associated with mesencephalon ✔️Ans - CN 3 and 4
, Ventricle associated with mesencephalon ✔️Ans - Cerebral aqueduct
Derivatives of metencephalon ✔️Ans - 1. Pons
2. Cerebellum
Derivatives of myelencephalon ✔️Ans - Medulla
Cranial nerves associated with metencephalon ✔️Ans - CN 5-8
Cranial nerves associated with myelencephalon ✔️Ans - CN 9-12
Ventricle associated with metencephalon ✔️Ans - 4th ventricle
Ventricle associated with myelencephalon ✔️Ans - 4th ventricle
Resting membrane potential for muscle ✔️Ans - -85-90 mV
Resting membrane potential for neuron ✔️Ans - -65-70 mV
The sodium-potassium pump pumps out __________ Na+ and pumps in __________
K+ ✔️Ans - 3; 2
Inhibitory neurotransmitter in spine ✔️Ans - Glycine
Inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain ✔️Ans - GABA
Vasomotor, cardiac, and autonomic centers are found in ✔️Ans - 1. Pons
2. Medulla
Function of pulvinar region of thalamus ✔️Ans - Integration of sensory
input
Function of ventral posteromedial nucleus ✔️Ans - Receives sensory input
from face
Function of ventral posterolateral nucleus ✔️Ans - Receives sensory input
from arms and legs
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