Exam (elaborations)
Irene Gold Part 2- Principles – Questions With Correct Solutions
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- IRENE GOLD
Irene Gold Part 2- Principles – Questions With Correct Solutions
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Irene Gold Part 2- Principles – Questions WithCorrect Solutions
Sensory impulses from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord
✔️Ans - afferent
The perception of pain from a normally non-painful stimulus ✔️Ans -
allodynia
Pathological fusion of bones across a joint ✔️Ans - ankylosis
Made up of any 2 vertebral bodies and an intervertebral disc; weight bearing
✔️Ans - anterior motion segment
Type 2 nerve injury ✔️Ans - axonotmesis
Nerve injury with disruption of myelin sheath and the axon with the
epineurium and perineurium still intact, so there is till continuity of within the
nerve ✔️Ans - axonotmesis
A process whereby the part of the axon that is separated from the neural cell
body disintegrates distal to the injury ✔️Ans - wallerian degeneration
Axonotmesis leads to ✔️Ans - wallerian degeneration
Nerve injury that is commonly seen in crush injuries and displaced bone
fractures ✔️Ans - axonotmesis
Released from damaged muscle tissue that is involved in the inflammatory
process and sensitizes nociceptors ✔️Ans - bradykinin
Small, slow, non-myelinated nerves carrying pain sensation (nociceptors)
✔️Ans - C fibers
A progressive deformation of a structure under a constant, steadily applied
load (when applied to a viscoelastic structure it immediately deforms under
the load) ✔️Ans - creep
,innervate the skin and intrinsic muscles of the back ✔️Ans - dorsal rami
seen in nerve root compression; sharp, burning, radicular pain following
dermatomes ✔️Ans - dermatogenous pain pattern
motor impulses from the anterior horn f the spinal cord to the periphery
✔️Ans - efferent
the tendency of tissue under load to return to its original size and shape after
removal of the load (ie. rubber bands and ligaments) ✔️Ans - elasticity
connective tissue that surrounds individual nerve fibers ✔️Ans -
endoneurium
connective tissue that surrounds entire nerve and its major branches
✔️Ans - epineurium
responsible for direction of motion (directional guidance) ✔️Ans - facets
increase in afferent stimuli causes a decreased threshold for firing, continued
stimulation result in hyperactive responses ✔️Ans - facilitation
receptors located at the end of muscle that detect muscle tension and inhibit
muscle contraction when stimulated ✔️Ans - golgi tendon organ
treat patients with heavily dilated preparations (primarily from plants and
mineral sources) which are thought to cause effects similar to the symptoms
presented ✔️Ans - homeopathy
presence of excess blood in vessels supplying a particular region of the body
hyper-active responses (hypersympathicotonia) ✔️Ans - hyperemia
refers to the loss of energy when the disc or other viscoelastic structures are
subjected to repetitive cycles of loading and unloading ✔️Ans - hysteresis
it is the absorption or dissipation of energy by a distorted structure ✔️Ans
- hysteresis
, example is jumping up and down, the shock is absorbed by the discs on its war
from the feet to the head ✔️Ans - hysteresis
intra-articular synovial tabs that may prevent a joint to from having full
mobility ✔️Ans - meniscoid
functional unit of the spine consisting of 2 vertebral bodies, the disc in
between those bodies, articular facets as well as the ligaments binding the 2
vertebrae to one another ✔️Ans - motion segment
a receptor that is sensitive to the length (stretch) of intrafusal fibers ✔️Ans
- muscle spindle
type 1 nerve injury ✔️Ans - neurapraxia
involves a reversible conduction block characterized local ischemia and
selective demyelination of the axon sheath with the axon's continuity retained
and conduction within the nerve both proximal and distal to the lesion
remains intact ✔️Ans - neuropraxia
prognosis for nerves at this stage is fair with recovery requiring months
✔️Ans - axonotmesis
prognosis for an injured nerve at this stage is good and recovery occurs within
weeks to months ✔️Ans - neuropraxia
example of this nerve injury is wrist drop secondary to prolonged external
pressure that compresses the radial nerve at the spiral groove of the humerus
✔️Ans - neuropraxia
type 3 nerve injury ✔️Ans - neurotmesis
the most severe form of nerve injury with complete nerve division and
disruption of the endoneurium with the axon, myelin sheath, and connective
tissue components are damaged, disrupted, or transected ✔️Ans -
neurotmesis
the prognosis for this nerve injury is poor ✔️Ans - neurotmesis
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