Exam (elaborations)
Irene Gold Part 2 & 3 – Questions With Solutions
- Course
- IRENE GOLD
- Institution
- IRENE GOLD
Irene Gold Part 2 & 3 – Questions With Solutions
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Irene Gold Part 2 & 3 – Questions With Solutions*1* Monostotic (70%)
*2* Polystotic (30%) ✔️Ans - *Fibrous Dysplasia*:
what are the 2 forms
*Herpes Zoster* ✔️Ans - - Shingles
- Painful vesicular rash following the course of a dermatome (usually a single
nerve)
- Follows the dorsal root ganglion; when it does involve a cranial nerve it is
MC seen at CN V
- Manifests when the immune system is down/weakened
- Treat with UV light to dry the vesicles and boost vitamin D, adjust: boost the
immune system
98.6 F ✔️Ans - Normal *oral temperature*
99.6 F ✔️Ans - Normal *rectal and tympanic temperature*
97.6 F ✔️Ans - Normal *axillary temperature*
96.0-99.5 F or 35.0- 37.5 C ✔️Ans - Normal *temperature range*
60-100 bpm ✔️Ans - Normal *adult pulse*
120-160 bpm ✔️Ans - Normal *newborn pulse*
70-80 bpm ✔️Ans - Normal *elderly pulse*
14-18/min ✔️Ans - Normal *adult respiratory rate*
44/min ✔️Ans - Normal *newborn respiratory rate*
90-120/60-80 ✔️Ans - Normal *adult blood pressure*
over 140/90 ✔️Ans - Hypertension values
,under 90/60 ✔️Ans - Hypotension values
*Adie's pupil* ✔️Ans - - Sluggish pupillary reaction to light
- Unilateral
- Caused by a parasympathetic lesion of CN III
*Anisocoria* ✔️Ans - Unequal pupil size:
*Argyll Robertson* ✔️Ans - - Bilaterally small and irregular pupils that
accommodate but do not react to light
- Seen with *syphilis*
- AKA prostitute's pupil
*Arroyo sign* ✔️Ans - - Sluggish pupillary reaction do due hypo-
adrenalism
- Associated with *Addison's disease*
*Blepharitis* ✔️Ans - - Inflammation of the eyelid
- Seen with seborrhea, staph infection, or inflammatory processes
*Cataracts* ✔️Ans - - Opacities seen in the lens
- Absent red light reflex
- Seen in with diabetes and in the elderly,
*Chalazion* ✔️Ans - Infection of the meibomian gland causing a nodule
which points inside the lid
*Corneal arcus* ✔️Ans - - Grayish opaque ring around the cornea
- Less than 50 yoa = hypercholesterolemia
- Over 50 yoa = normal
Conjunctiva:
a) pink = normal
b) pale = anemia
c) red = infection ✔️Ans - Conjunctiva:
,a) pink = ____
b) pale = _____
c) red = ____
*Diabetic retinopathy:* ✔️Ans - - Affects the *veins* more than arteries
- Presents with micro aneurysms, hard exudates, and neovascularization
*Extropion* ✔️Ans - - Lid is turned outward
- MC in the elderly
*Entropion* ✔️Ans - - Lid is turned inward
- MC in the elderly
*Exophthalmos* ✔️Ans - - Lid lag/ failure to cover the eyeball
- Bilateral = Graves' disease
- Unilaterally = tumor
*Glaucoma* ✔️Ans - - Increased intraocular pressure causing cupping of
the optic disc
- Blurring of their vision especially in the peripheral fields as well as rings
around lights
- Crescent sign will be present upon tangential lighting of the cornea
Greater than 1:2 ✔️Ans - Normal cup to disc ratio:
*Hordoleum* ✔️Ans - - AKA sty
- An infection of the sebaceous glands causing a pimple or boil on the eyelid
*Horner's syndrome* ✔️Ans - - Ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis
- On the same side as an interruption to the cervical sympathetics
*Hypertensive retinopathy* ✔️Ans - - Damage to the retinal vessels/
background
- Will show these signs:
1. copper wire deformity
2. silver wire deformity
, 3. A-V nicking
4. flame hemorrhage
5. cotton wool soft exudates
*Internal ophthalmoplegia* ✔️Ans - - Dilated pupil with ptosis and lateral
deviation
- Does not react to light or accommodation
- Associated with multiple sclerosis
*Iritis/ uveitis* ✔️Ans - - Inflammation of the iris
- Aassociated with ankylosing spondylitis
*Macular degeneration* ✔️Ans - - Most common reason for blindness in the
elderly
- Central vision loss
- Macular drusen is an early sign (yellow deposits under the retina)
*Miosis* ✔️Ans - - Fixed and constricted pupils
- React to light and accommodate
- Associated with severe brain damage, pilocarpine medications, and narcotic
use
*Mydriasis* ✔️Ans - - Dilated and fixed pupils
- Seen with anticholinergic drugs (atropine, mushrooms/death)
*Papilledema* ✔️Ans - - AKA choked disc.
- Swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure
- No vision loss
- May be seen with a brain tumor or brain hemorrhage
*Periodical edema* ✔️Ans - - Swelling around the eye
- Seen with allergies, myxedema, and nephrotic syndrome
*Pinquecula* ✔️Ans - - Yellowish triangular nodule in the bulbar
conjunctiva
- Harmless and indicates aging
*Pterygium* ✔️Ans - - Triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that
grows across the cornea
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