Exam (elaborations)
NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1 – Questions With Solutions
NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1 – Questions With Solutions
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NUR 2063 Pathophysiology Exam 1 – Questions WithSolutions
What is Pathophysiology Correct Ans - is the study of what happens
when the normal anatomy and physiology go wrong, causing disorder and
disease process of the human body.
What 4 things does pathophysiology include? Correct Ans -
Etiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Implications
What is etiology Correct Ans - study of causes or reasons for
phenomena. Includes Idiopathic conditions that have an unknown origin or
cause.
What is pathogenesis? Correct Ans - development or evolution of
disease from initial stimulus to the expression of manifestations as time
occurs.
What are clinical manifestations? Correct Ans - Signs and
symptoms of disorder.
What are treatment implications? Correct Ans - Which combine the
etology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations to determine the best
treatment of condition per individual.
What are signs? Correct Ans - Objective or observed manifestations
of disease.
What are symptoms? Correct Ans - Subjective feelings of
abnormality in the body.
What is objective data Correct Ans - What you observe and can
measure.
What are examples of objective data? Correct Ans - rash, low blood
pressure, bleeding
,What is subjective data? Correct Ans - What the patient may report
to you
What are examples of subjective data? Correct Ans - pain scale,
they feel suicidal, fatigued.
What is epidemiology? Correct Ans - study of the patterns of
disease involving populations. Based on the spread and contact of diseases
in people.
What are the levels of disease prevention? Correct Ans - Primary,
Secondary, Tertiary
Explain Primary Prevention Correct Ans - "Preventing"; altering
susceptibility or reducing exposure of disease for people.
Examples of Primary Prevention Correct Ans - Vaccinations and
Handwashing
Explain Secondary Prevention Correct Ans - "Screening"; early
detection, screening, and management of disease to catch disease early
before it spreads
Examples of Secondary Prevention Correct Ans - PAP smears for
STDs, lab work for HBA1C check, mammogram
Explain Tertiary Prevention Correct Ans - "Treating" and
preventing further complications from a disorder or disease after the
person has the condition
Examples of Tertiary Prevention Correct Ans - Rehab for hip
surgery, relearning ADL's after amputation, Wound care after stroke to
prevent pressure ulcers.
What is homeostasis? Correct Ans - a state of equilibrium in which
all body systems are in balance and the body is at its most optimal in
functioning. Stable.
, What is allostasis? Correct Ans - ability to successfully adapt to
challenges. It is not a balance but an attempt to adapt to achieve
homeostasis. Example: sweating to lower ones body temp.
Stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome Correct Ans - alarm,
resistance, exhaustion
Explain alarm stage of general adaptation syndrome Correct Ans -
Where the sympathetic nervous system is activated due to stress. Fight or
Flight responses are activated and energy is given off by the HPA axis to
flee or fight the danger ahead. Blood must be redirected to vital organs in
this stage to give the organs energy to work.
Explain Resistance stage of general adaptation syndrome Correct Ans -
the activity of the Parasympathetic Nervous system and the endocrine
system to return the body to homeostasis. The body should ultimately
adapt to the stressor.
Explain the exhaustion stage of general adaptation syndrome Correct
Ans - Occurs when the stressor is not removed or overcome in the body.
The body can no longer return to homeostasis after prolonged exposure to
stressor. It causes the body to be depleted and damaged that can lead to
disease or death.
What complications can occur if stressors are not resolved from general
adaptation syndrome? Correct Ans - disease can occur physically
and mentally, such as anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia, infection,
and heart disease.
Name the hormones released during alarm stage of general adaptation
syndrome Correct Ans - Corticotrophin releasing hormone,
adrenocorticotrophic hormone, catecholamines( norepinephrine and
epinephrine) and cortisol
Explain the Role of corticotrophin releasing hormone in alarm stage
Correct Ans - activates the sympathetic nervous system and
adrenocorticotropic hormone.
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