Exam (elaborations)
EPRI EF Nuclear Power Plant Materials Certification – Qs And As
EPRI EF Nuclear Power Plant Materials Certification – Qs And As
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EPRI EF Nuclear Power Plant Materials Certification –Qs And As
Brittleness ✔️Ans -The opposite of ductility. Brittle metals exhibit
a small percentage of elongation under stress before failure.
Cold Shut ✔️Ans -A defect produced during casting, causing an
area in the metal where two portions of the metal in either a molten or plastic
condition have come together but have failed to unite, fuse, or blend into a
solid mass.
Conductivity ✔️Ans -The property of conducting heat or electric
current.
Crack lamination ✔️Ans -A defect appearing in sheets or strips as a
segregation or in layers.
Degradation ✔️Ans -Damage caused over time to components and
materials caused by a range of physical processes, resulting in component
failure.
Ductility ✔️Ans -The ability of a material to deform easily upon the
application of a tensile force, or the ability of a material to withstand plastic
deformation without rupture. in other words, ductility is the ability of a
material to undergo plastic deformation prior to fracture.
Elasticity ✔️Ans -In elastic strain, bonds are stretched but not
broken. Therefore, the material will return to its original shape when stresses
are removed. The applied stresses cause the atoms in a crystal to move from
their equilibrium position. All the atoms are displaced the same amount and
still maintain their relative geometry. When the stresses are removed, all the
atoms return to their original positions and no permanent deformation
occurs.
Exothermic ✔️Ans -Releases energy, i.e.: heat.
Hardenability ✔️Ans -The hardenability of a metal alloy is its
capability to be hardened by heat treatment. It should not be confused with
, hardness, which is a measure of the material's resistance to indentation or
scratching. The hardenability of ferrous alloys, namely steels, is a function of
the carbon content and other alloying elements, the grain size of the austenite,
and the cooling rate.
Hardness ✔️Ans -The property of a material that enables it to
resist plastic deformation, penetration, indentation, and scratching.
Lattice ✔️Ans -The Three-dimensional array of the atoms in a
metal molecule, in which the array is regular, repeating configuration in all
directions.
Machinability ✔️Ans -Machinability describes how a metal reacts
to mechanical deformation by removing chips, with respect to the amount of
metal effectively removed and the surface finish attainable. The mechanical
properties of the metal will be the factors that influence the machinability of a
metal.
Malleability ✔️Ans -The ability of a metal to exhibit large
deformation of plastic response when being subjected to compressive force.
pH ✔️Ans -The measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
Plastic deformation ✔️Ans -A dimensional change that does not
disappear when the initiating stress is removed. It is usually accompanied by
some elastic strain. In plastic deformation, bonds are broken which means the
material will not return to its original shape when stresses are removed.
Pores ✔️Ans -Internal voids in a material.
Shrinkage cavity ✔️Ans -A void left in cast metals as a result of
solidification shrinkage and the progressive freezing of metal towards the
center.
Strain ✔️Ans -Whenever a stress (no matter how small) is applied
to a metal, a proportional dimensional change or distortion must take place.
Such a proportional dimensional change (intensity or degree of the distortion)
is called strain and is measured as the total elongation per unit length of
material due to some applied stress.
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