MED SURG EXAM REVIEW

1.When listening to the lungs sounds what's the most important thing to check for. The airway is clear, patent, and no obstruction. 2.What is giving to prevent pneumonia (medical management)? The pneumonia vaccine 3.How to know if a patient is positive for PPD? PPD test induration is more than 10. Immunocompromised patient induration is 5. 4.Risk factors for developing aspiration pneumonia? Immobility, remain NPO to prevent backflow, NG tube (elevated HOB to prevent aspiration) 5.Priority nursing diagnosis for a patient with pneumonia? Ineffective airway clearance (alveoli sac will be filled with fluid causing airway to be blocked) 6.Pt. with high risk of pneumonia always reinforce hand hygiene. 7.Which medication should be given first. Bronchodilator (short acting) or corticosteroid (long acting)? Bronchodilator should be given first because it opens the airway passage right away. The best short acting bronchodilator is albuterol. 8.Best way to prevent asthma and allergy concerns? Not exposing patients to the allergen. (same things that trigger allergy symptoms such as pollen, dust mites, and pet dander may also cause asthma sign and symptoms) In some cases, skin and food allergies can also cause asthma symptoms. 9.Labs to check for low blood (anemia). ? HCT and HGb 10.How is sickle cell acquired?Both parents must be carriers of the trait or defective gene. 11.What are nursing interventions to prevent respiratory complications? Early ambulation, turn patient every 2 hours, give 1-3 liters of oxygen.' 12.What's the best way to confirm TB? Sputum collection (positive PPD means you have been exposed to the bacteria but doesn't mean its active) More tests must be done to check whether its active) 13.What does that mean if there's continuous bubbling in the water seal chamber? A leakage 14.What if there is fluctuation in the water seal? Normal 15.What is S & S of asthma? Wheezing, chest pain, respiratory distress, nasal flaring 16.What are S & S of iron deficiency patients? Crave ice, extreme fatigue, pale skin, SOB, pallor 17.What type of anemia will a patient get after a gastrectomy? Risk for pernicious anemia 18.What is pernicious anemia? decrease in RBC that occurs when the intestine cannot absorb vitamin B12 (patient will need B12 shots for the rest of their lives) 19.Pt. has MI and doctor order a beta blocker what does this medication do the HR? (metoprolol) This medication will lower HR and pulse. This medication also lowers BP. 20.What are signs of bleeding in the skin of a patient with low platelet level? Bruises, petechiae, and ecchymosis.