Multicultural Counseling Exam 1 Complete Questions With Correct Solutions

microaggressions - ANSWER everyday slights, put-downs, invalidations, and insults directed to socially devalued group members by well-intentioned people who often are unaware that they have engaged in such biased and harmful behaviors resistance - ANSWER client behaviors that obstruct the therapeutic process or sabotage positive change by changing the topic, externalizing blame, failing to acknowledge strong feelings of anger, or being chronically late for counseling appointments worldview - ANSWER a person's assumptions of human behavior, his or her misinformation and lack of knowledge, and, most importantly, his or her biases and prejudices 3 forms of resistance - ANSWER cognitive emotional behavioral cognitive resistance - ANSWER a pattern of entertaining alternative explanations to the stories told by persons of color about their experiences of prejudice and discrimination (DENIAL) examples of cognitive resistance - ANSWER disbelief, unwillingness to consider alternative scenarios, distortion, fabrication, and rationalizations emotional resistance - ANSWER a defensive maneuver that entails emotions such as guilt, anger, defensiveness, or helplessness that blocks self-exploration, understanding, and the opportunity for meaning what is perhaps the major obstacle to multicultural understanding? - ANSWER emotional resistance what is the primary subjective emotion encountered by White trainees exposed to multicultural content? - ANSWER anxiety behavioral resistance - ANSWER resistance that entails paralysis or inaction in the presence of discrimination from majority group individuals antiracism - ANSWER becoming an advocate and actively intervening when injustice makes its presence felt at the individual level and at the institutional level hopelessness - ANSWER a feeling of despair and of giving up, a self-belief that no action will matter and no solution will work what does societal change require? - ANSWER becoming an antiracist cultural competence - ANSWER a lifelong process in which one works to develop the ability to engage in actions or create conditions that maximize the optimal development of client and client systems; it consists of counselors acquiring awareness, knowledge and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society, and on an organizational/societal level, advocating effectively to develop new theories, practices, policies, and organizational structures that are more responsive to all groups etic - ANSWER culturally universal emic - ANSWER culturally specific many culturally responsive psychologists operate from what position? - ANSWER an emic position collectivistic cultures - ANSWER cultures that emphasize the needs and goals of the group over the needs and goals of the individual individualistic cultures - ANSWER cultures that emphasize the needs and goals of the individual over the needs and goals of the group cultural universality - ANSWER focuses on disorders and their consequent treatments and minimize cultural factors cultural relativism - ANSWER focuses on the culture and on how the disorder is manifested and treated within it traditional definitions of counseling and psychotherapy are culture-bound because they are defined primarily from what perspective? - ANSWER White Western European who does psychological research focus on? - ANSWER Americans (who constitute only 5% of the world's population) tripartite framework - ANSWER a framework used to explore and understand the formation of personal identity individual group universal individual level - ANSWER "all individuals are, in some respects, like no other individuals" UNIQUENESS genetic endowment nonshared experiences group level - ANSWER "all individuals are, in some respects, like some other individuals" SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES race sexual orientation marital status religious preference culture disability/ability ethnicity geographic location age socioeconomic status gender universal level - ANSWER "all individuals are, in some respects, like all other individuals" HOMO SAPIENS common life experiences biological and physical similarities self-awareness ability to use symbols what is the most holistic approach to understanding personal identity? - ANSWER we must recognize all three levels: individual (uniqueness), group (shared cultural values, beliefs, and experiences), and universal (common features of being human) multicultural counseling and therapy (MCT) - ANSWER 1) helping role and process 2) consistent with life experiences and cultural values 3) individual, group, and universal dimensions of existence 4) universal and culture-specific strategies 5) individualism and collectivism 6) client and client systems helping role and process - ANSWER MCT broadens the roles that counselors play and expands the repertoire of therapy skills considered helpful and appropriate in counseling consistent with life experiences and cultural values - ANSWER effective MCT means using modalities and defining goals for culturally diverse clients that are consistent with their racial, cultural, ethnic, gender, and sexual-orientation backgrounds individual, group, and universal dimensions of existence - ANSWER MCT acknowledges that our existence and identity are composed of individual, group, and universal dimensions, and any form of helping that fails to recognize the totality of these dimen