100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Geomatics and Measurement in Civil Engineering CA$11.50   Add to cart

Class notes

Geomatics and Measurement in Civil Engineering

 6 views  0 purchase

Detailed study of modern surveying instruments such as total stations, GPS, GNSS, and laser scanners. Instruction on methods for collecting, processing, and analyzing spatial data.

Preview 2 out of 10  pages

  • January 14, 2024
  • 10
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
  • Professor michael chapman
  • All classes
All documents for this subject (4)
avatar-seller
shaunbiswas01
LECTURE 4 (CH16)
OBSERVATION EQUATIONS
 Least Squares adjustment by observation equation method:
 Written relating observed values to residual errors and unknown parameters
 1 observation equation for each observation
 Number of equations = number of unknowns
 If redundant observations made, least squares method can be applied
 Expression for each residual obtained from every observation equation
 Residuals then squared and added to get a function:
 Squared variance



 Weighted squared variance:



 From Example:
 Compute most probable value for equally weighted distance observations:









 Find mean value (most probable value of observed length)
 Write following observation equations that define residual for any observed quantity at
difference between most probable value and any individual observations

, 




 From Example:

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller shaunbiswas01. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$11.50. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

84866 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$11.50
  • (0)
  Add to cart